Dobutamine has a rapid onset of action and a short half-life [2]. As the dose increases, dobutamine (0.15-20 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection) results in higher left ventricular function and increased heart rate in wild-type mice [3]. High dosages of dobutamine cause considerable inotropic, relaxing, and chronotropic cardiac responses in wild-type mice [3]. Low-dose dobutamine markedly enhanced inotropic and relaxing cardiac performance in Tgαq*44 animals without chronotropic alterations [3]. Dobutamine increases heart rate only at high dosages, but is followed by loss of inotropic and relaxing cardiac functional reserve [3]. Dobutamine accelerates alveolar fluid clearance in ventilated rats by activating β-2 receptors [4].

Animal/Disease Models: Tgαq*44 mouse (heart failure model) [3]
Doses: low dose 0.15mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg, high dose 1.5mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 20mg/kg: intraperitoneal (ip) injection
Experimental Results:Low Low and high doses produced differential responses in cardiac function in mice with heart failure.

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
In human urine, the main excretion products are a conjugate of dobutamine and 3-O-methyldobutamine. Biological Half-Life 2 minutes

Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Use During Lactation
There is currently no information available regarding the use of dobutamine during lactation. Due to its low oral bioavailability and short half-life, dobutamine in breast milk is unlikely to affect the infant.
◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants
As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk
As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found regarding lactating mothers. Unlike dopamine, dobutamine infusion does not affect serum prolactin concentrations in infants and adult men. Prolactin levels in established lactating mothers are unlikely to affect their ability to breastfeed.

[1]. Tuttle RR, et al. Dobutamine: development of a new catecholamine to selectively increase cardiac contractility. Circ Res. 1975 Jan;36(1):185-96.
[2]. Vallet B, et al. Dobutamine: mechanisms of action and use in acute cardiovascular pathology. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris). 1991 Jun;40(6):397-402.
[3]. Tyrankiewicz U , et al. Characterization of the cardiac response to a low and high dose of dobutamine in the mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy by MRI in vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013 Mar;37(3):669-77.
[4]. Tibayan FA, et al. Dobutamine increases alveolar liquid clearance in ventilated rats by beta-2 receptor stimulation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Aug;156(2 Pt 1):438-44.

Dobutamine is a catecholamine, chemically named 4-(3-aminobutyl)phenol, in which one hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom is replaced by a 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl group. It is a β1-adrenergic receptor agonist with cardiac excitatory effects but does not cause vasoconstriction or tachycardia. The hydrochloride salt is commonly used to treat acute heart failure to enhance cardiac contractility. It has a dual role as a cardiotonic, sympathomimetic, and β-adrenergic agonist. It is a secondary amine catecholamine. Dobutamine is a β1-adrenergic agonist with cardiac excitatory effects but does not cause vasoconstriction or tachycardia. It is recommended for cardiotonic treatment after myocardial infarction or open-heart surgery. Dobutamine is a β-adrenergic agonist. The mechanism of action of dobutamine is as a β-adrenergic agonist. Dobutamine is a synthetic catecholamine with sympathomimetic activity. It is a direct-acting positive inotropic drug and adrenergic agonist, primarily stimulating β1-adrenergic receptors with less effect on β2 or α receptors. This drug produces a positive inotropic effect through β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, with minimal effect on heart rate or systemic vascular resistance. Dobutamine also causes vasodilation by stimulating β2-adrenergic receptors in blood vessels; reflex vasoconstriction enhances this effect, thereby increasing cardiac output. It is a catecholamine derivative specific to β1-adrenergic receptors. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after cardiac surgery and during dobutamine stress echocardiography. See also: dobutamine hydrochloride (salt form); dobutamine tartrate (salt form); dobutamine lactobionate (its active ingredient). Drug Indications This drug is indicated for patients with heart failure due to decreased myocardial contractility caused by organic heart disease or cardiac surgery, requiring short-term parenteral positive inotropic support. Treatment of Neonatal Circulatory Failure Mechanism of Action Dobutamine directly stimulates cardiac β1 receptors, increasing myocardial contractility and stroke volume, thereby increasing cardiac output. Pharmacodynamics Dobutamine is a direct-acting positive inotropic drug. Its main mechanism of action is stimulation of cardiac β-adrenergic receptors, while its positive chronotropic, pressor, arrhythmogenic, and vasodilatory effects are relatively mild. Dobutamine primarily acts on β1-adrenergic receptors, with negligible effects on β2 or α receptors. Unlike dopamine, it does not induce the release of endogenous norepinephrine.

C18H23NO3

301.168

34368-04-2

Dobutamine hydrochloride;49745-95-1;Dobutamine tartrate;101626-66-8

36811

White to off-white solid

1.189g/cm3

527.7ºC at 760mmHg

184-186

169.8ºC

3.347

4

4

7

22

305

0

CC(CCC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O

JRWZLRBJNMZMFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H23NO3/c1-13(2-3-14-4-7-16(20)8-5-14)19-11-10-15-6-9-17(21)18(22)12-15/h4-9,12-13,19-22H,2-3,10-11H2,1H3

4-[2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (~331.8 mM; with ultrasonication)

Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 5 mg/mL (16.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 5 mg/mL (16.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.

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Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 5 mg/mL (16.59 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)