| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Dobutamine HCl targets adrenergic receptors, specifically acting as a selective agonist of β1-adrenergic receptors (β1-AR). It exhibits weak activity at α1-AR and β2-AR. The β1-AR is primarily located in the heart, where activation increases cardiac contractility and heart rate. At higher concentrations, dobutamine also stimulates β2-AR (causing vasodilation) and α1-AR (causing vasoconstriction), with the net effect depending on the dose and individual patient factors. The compound's primary mechanism involves increasing intracellular cAMP levels through Gs protein activation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies demonstrate that Dobutamine HCl acts on α1-AR, β1-AR, and β2-AR adrenoceptors. It is a selective β1-AR agonist with relatively weak activity at α1-AR and β2-AR. The compound increases cardiac contractility through β1-AR stimulation, leading to increased cAMP production and enhanced calcium influx in cardiomyocytes. In vitro assays using isolated cardiac muscle preparations show dose-dependent increases in contractile force. The compound also exhibits positive chronotropic effects at higher concentrations. Dobutamine HCl increases alveolar liquid clearance in ventilated rats by β2-receptor stimulation.
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| ln Vivo |
Dobutamine hydrochloride acts quickly and has a brief half-life [2]. ?In wild-type mice, intraperitoneal injections of dobutamine hydrochloride (0.15–20 mg/kg) result in dose-dependent increases in left ventricular function and heart rate [3]. ?In wild-type mice, high doses of dobutamine hydrochloride cause notable inotropic, relaxing, and chronotropic cardiac responses [3]. ?In Tgαq*44 mice, low-dose dobutamine hydrochloride markedly improved inotropic and relaxing cardiac performance without causing any alterations to the chronotropic system [3]. ?Only at high doses does dobutamine hydrochloride raise heart rate, but it also causes a loss of diastolic and inotropic cardiac functional reserve [3]. ?Dobutamine hydrochloride stimulates β-2 receptors to improve alveolar fluid evacuation in ventilated rats [4].
In vivo studies show that Dobutamine HCl has a rapid onset of action and short half-life, making it suitable for acute hemodynamic support. It increases cardiac output and corrects hypoperfusion in patients with cardiovascular dysfunction. In animal models, dobutamine increases alveolar liquid clearance in ventilated rats by β2-receptor stimulation. Magnetic resonance imaging studies in mouse models of dilated cardiomyopathy have characterized the cardiac response to low and high doses of dobutamine. The compound's positive inotropic effects are dose-dependent, with higher doses also producing chronotropic and vasodilatory effects. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro receptor binding assay for Dobutamine HCl involves determining affinity for adrenergic receptor subtypes using radioligand binding techniques. Membranes from cells expressing human α1-AR, β1-AR, or β2-AR are incubated with varying concentrations of dobutamine (0.1 nM-100 μM) and a fixed concentration of radiolabeled ligand (e.g., [3H]-CGP-12177 for β-AR or [3H]-prazosin for α1-AR). Non-specific binding is determined using excess unlabeled ligand. IC50 values are calculated and Ki values are determined using the Cheng-Prusoff equation. Functional assays measure cAMP accumulation in cells expressing β-AR subtypes to determine agonist potency and efficacy.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Dobutamine HCl typically use cardiomyocytes, HEK293 cells expressing adrenergic receptors, or isolated cardiac tissue preparations. Cells are treated with the compound at concentrations ranging from 1 nM-100 μM for 15-60 minutes. cAMP levels are measured using ELISA or HTRF-based assays. Intracellular calcium is measured using fluorescent indicators (e.g., Fura-2, Fluo-4). Contractility is assessed in isolated cardiac muscle preparations using force transducers. β-arrestin recruitment is measured using BRET or Tango assays to assess receptor internalization. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or LDH release assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Tgαq*44 mouse (heart failure model) [3]
Doses: low dose 0.15mg/kg, 0.5mg/kg, high dose 1.5mg/kg, 5mg/kg, 20mg/kg: intraperitoneal (ip) injection Experimental Results:Low Low and high doses produced differential responses in cardiac function in mice with heart failure. In vivo animal studies for Dobutamine HCl involve rat or mouse models of heart failure, septic shock, or cardiac stress. The compound is administered via intravenous infusion or intraperitoneal injection at doses of 1-50 μg/kg/min. Hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume are measured using invasive or non-invasive techniques. Echocardiography is used to assess cardiac function. For respiratory studies, alveolar liquid clearance is measured in ventilated rats. Magnetic resonance imaging is used to characterize cardiac responses in mouse models. Pharmacodynamic studies evaluate dose-response relationships and duration of action. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Dobutamine HCl has a rapid onset of action and short half-life (approximately 2 minutes). It is administered intravenously and is rapidly metabolized in the liver and other tissues. The compound has a molecular weight of 337.84 and molecular formula of C18H24ClNO3. It is soluble in water and DMSO. The compound is typically stored at room temperature in sealed containers protected from light. In plasma, dobutamine has a distribution half-life of about 2 minutes and an elimination half-life of about 2 minutes. It is metabolized by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) to inactive metabolites. Approximately 95% of the drug is excreted in urine within 24 hours.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Dobutamine HCl indicates it is generally well-tolerated when used at therapeutic doses. Common adverse effects include tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension, and chest pain. At high doses, the compound can cause excessive cardiac stimulation, myocardial ischemia, and ventricular arrhythmias. It is contraindicated in patients with pheochromocytoma, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, and severe hypovolemia. The compound is for research and clinical use under medical supervision. For research applications, standard safety precautions should be followed. The compound is not approved for over-the-counter use.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Dobutamine hydrochloride is the hydrochloride form of dobutamine, a synthetic catecholamine with direct positive inotropic effects. Dobutamine hydrochloride mimics the action of dopamine, stimulating β1-adrenergic receptors located in the cardiac muscle. This leads to an increase in heart rate and contractility, thereby increasing cardiac output. It is a catecholamine derivative specific to β1-adrenergic receptors. It is commonly used as a cardiotonic agent after cardiac surgery and during dobutamine stress echocardiography. See also: Dobutamine (with active moiety).
Dobutamine HCl (also known as Dobutrex) is a synthetic catecholamine with CAS number 49745-95-1. Its molecular formula is C18H24ClNO3 and molecular weight is 337.84. The compound is a selective β1-AR agonist used clinically as a positive inotropic agent to increase cardiac output. It is administered intravenously for acute heart failure and cardiac stress testing. The mechanism of action involves β1-AR stimulation leading to increased cAMP, enhanced calcium influx, and increased cardiac contractility. The compound is approved by the FDA for clinical use and is available by prescription only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H24CLNO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
337.8411
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| Exact Mass |
337.144
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| CAS # |
49745-95-1
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| Related CAS # |
Dobutamine;34368-04-2;Dobutamine tartrate;101626-66-8;(rac)-Dobutamine-d4 hydrochloride;1246815-74-6;(rac)-Dobutamine-d6 hydrochloride;1246818-96-1
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| PubChem CID |
65324
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| Appearance |
White to gray solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
527.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
184-186ºC(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
169.8ºC
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| LogP |
4.149
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
305
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
BQKADKWNRWCIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H23NO3.ClH/c1-13(2-3-14-4-7-16(20)8-5-14)19-11-10-15-6-9-17(21)18(22)12-15;/h4-9,12-13,19-22H,2-3,10-11H2,1H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
4-[2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-ylamino]ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 33 mg/mL (~97.68 mM)
H2O : ~20 mg/mL (~59.20 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 400 μL PEG300 and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 to the above solution and mix evenly; then add 450 μL normal saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of 25.0 mg/mL clear DMSO stock solution to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD physiological saline solution and mix evenly. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. View More
Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (7.40 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 4: 16.67 mg/mL (49.34 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), clear solution; with ultrasonication. |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9600 mL | 14.7999 mL | 29.5998 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5920 mL | 2.9600 mL | 5.9200 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2960 mL | 1.4800 mL | 2.9600 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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