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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Disodium pyrophosphate does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is a food additive and industrial chemical. Its function is to act as a leavening agent in baked goods by releasing carbon dioxide when heated. As a sequestrant, it binds to metal ions, preventing them from participating in unwanted reactions. As a buffer, it helps maintain pH stability in food products. The compound also has applications in electroplating and metal cleaning.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, disodium pyrophosphate is used as a buffering agent and sequestrant in various applications. It is used as a leavening agent in baking powders. The compound is used as a preservative and stabilizer in food products. It is also used as a peptising agent in cheese and meat products and in frozen desserts. Its ability to chelate metal ions makes it useful for preventing metal-catalyzed oxidation in food and industrial applications.
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| ln Vivo |
After prolonged exposure, rats to oral disodium pyrophosphate (12.6 mg/kg) show hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects [1].
Disodium pyrophosphate is not used as a therapeutic agent. Its primary applications are in the food industry as a leavening agent, preservative, and stabilizer. The compound is used in baking powders, cheese products, meat products, and frozen desserts. It is also used in industrial applications such as electroplating and metal cleaning. The compound is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for use in foods. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro experiments with disodium pyrophosphate typically involve its use as a buffering agent or sequestrant in food or industrial applications. For food applications, the compound is mixed with baking soda and other ingredients to produce leavening. For metal chelation studies, the compound is added to solutions containing metal ions, and the formation of complexes is measured. The compound is soluble in water at approximately 15 g per 100 mL at 25°C. The pH of a 1% solution is about 4.1.
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| Cell Assay |
Disodium pyrophosphate is not typically used in cell-based assays as it is a food additive and industrial chemical rather than a research reagent for cell biology. However, its effects on cells could be studied in the context of food safety or toxicity testing. The compound's ability to chelate metal ions could affect metal-dependent cellular processes.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Adult SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rat[1]
Doses: 12.6 mg/kg Route of Administration: Oral Experimental Results:demonstrated significant leukopenia. Rats had diminished CD3 T lymphocyte and CD20 B lymphocyte immunolabeling. PPAR-α and PPAR-γ were downregulated, while TNF-α was upregulated. Specific in vivo animal experiment protocols for disodium pyrophosphate are not detailed in the available literature. The compound is used as a food additive and has been evaluated for safety in animal studies. In animal studies, the compound would be administered orally in the diet. Toxicity studies have been conducted to establish the safety of the compound for use in foods. The compound is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for use in foods. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Disodium pyrophosphate has the molecular formula Na2H2P2O7 and is a white, crystalline powder. The compound is soluble in water at approximately 15 g per 100 mL at 25°C. It has a pH of about 4.1 in a 1% solution. The density of the compound is 2.311 g/cm3 at 25°C. For storage, the compound is kept in a dry place at room temperature. The compound is also known as sodium acid pyrophosphate and is used as a food additive.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in mice: 2650 mg/kg Subcutaneous LD50 in mice: 480 mg/kg Intravenous LD50 in mice: 59 mg/kg Disodium pyrophosphate is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for use in foods. However, ingestion of high doses may cause gastrointestinal irritation. The compound has potential hematotoxic and immunotoxic effects. It is a skin, eye, and mucous membrane irritant. As a chemical reagent, standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of gloves and eye protection. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
See also: Sodium polymethphosphate (note moved to).
Disodium pyrophosphate (CAS 7758-16-9) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion. It is also known as sodium acid pyrophosphate and has the molecular formula Na2H2P2O7. The compound is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water. It is used as a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer in food applications. Disodium pyrophosphate is also used in electroplating, metal cleaning, and phosphatising. It is generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for use in foods. The compound is intended for food and industrial use. |
| Molecular Formula |
NA2H2P2O7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
221.94
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| Exact Mass |
221.907
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| CAS # |
7758-16-9
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| Related CAS # |
7722-88-5 (Parent)
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| PubChem CID |
24451
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.311 g/cm3 (25ºC)
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| Melting Point |
988ºC
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| LogP |
0.064
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
143
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
OP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)(O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
GYQBBRRVRKFJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2Na.H4O7P2/c;;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h;;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-2
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| Chemical Name |
disodium;[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~450.57 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5057 mL | 22.5286 mL | 45.0572 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9011 mL | 4.5057 mL | 9.0114 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4506 mL | 2.2529 mL | 4.5057 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04441671
Conditions:Pseudoxanthoma ElasticumProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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