| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Microbial Metabolite; Endogenous Metabolite; Free radical scavenging (hydroxyl radical trapping); Prostaglandin receptor inhibition
The primary targets of Dimethyl sulfone include chorionic capillary endothelial cells, where it suppresses proliferation and growth. It inhibits acetylcholinesterase with reversible inhibition constants (Ki) of 28,000,000.0 nM (competitive) and 260,000,000.0 nM (noncompetitive). The compound also targets inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and pain signaling through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and local anesthetic effects. As a microbial and endogenous metabolite, it may interact with various physiological pathways. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Cultured bovine chorionic capillary endothelial cells (CCE) are not able to proliferate when exposed to dimethyl adsorbent (25 mM/mL, gradient 15.5 μL/mL; 24 h) [2].
DMSO alone (15.5 μl/ml) significantly inhibited proliferation of bovine choricoapillary endothelial cells (CCE) after 24-hour incubation, reducing cell count to 2.4 × 10⁴ cells/ml (vs. unsupplemented control: 3.8 × 10⁴ cells/ml; p<0.001). This inhibitory effect was statistically indistinguishable from 100 μg/ml thalidomide dissolved in equivalent DMSO (p=0.74). Prior studies using DMSO as solvent for thalidomide in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) showed no inhibition by DMSO alone (contrasting with bovine CCE results).[2] In vitro, Dimethyl sulfone inhibits the proliferation of cultured bovine chorionic capillary endothelial cells (CCE). At a concentration of 15.5 μl/ml, it significantly reduced cell count from 3.8 × 10⁴ cells/ml to 2.4 × 10⁴ cells/ml after 24-hour incubation (p<0.001). This inhibitory effect was statistically indistinguishable from 100 μg/ml thalidomide. The compound also demonstrates free radical scavenging (hydroxyl radical trapping) and prostaglandin receptor inhibition activities. These in vitro activities support its use in angiogenesis and inflammation research. |
| ln Vivo |
It has been demonstrated that xylene (0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mL; i.p.; single Manhattan) has a neuroprotective effect and dramatically lowers the volume of circuit infarct [3].
In Vivo [3] Rat permanent MCA occlusion model: • Intraperitoneal injection of DMSO (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 ml) 30 min pre-ischemia significantly reduced infarction volume at 24h vs. saline controls (P<0.05). • Doses ≤0.03 ml showed no significant neuroprotection. Previous models: - Reduced mortality in rhesus monkey brain compression model. - Improved blood flow in rhesus monkey missile brain injury. - Conflicting results: Reduced infarction in canine MCA emboleotomy but increased infarction in gerbil carotid occlusion model. In vivo, Dimethyl sulfone has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in animal models. In a rat permanent MCA occlusion model, intraperitoneal injection of DMSO (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 ml) 30 minutes pre-ischemia significantly reduced infarction volume at 24 hours compared to saline controls (P<0.05). Doses ≤0.03 ml showed no significant neuroprotection. The compound also reduced mortality in a rhesus monkey brain compression model and improved blood flow in rhesus monkey missile brain injury. These in vivo effects support its neuroprotective applications. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Dimethyl sulfone include acetylcholinesterase inhibition assays. The compound is incubated with acetylcholinesterase at concentrations ranging from 0.1-1000 mM, and enzyme activity is measured using Ellman's method with acetylthiocholine as substrate. Inhibition constants (Ki) are determined to be 28,000,000.0 nM (competitive) and 260,000,000.0 nM (noncompetitive). Free radical scavenging activity is assessed using hydroxyl radical trapping assays. All assays include appropriate controls and reference compounds.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cell Assay [2]
Cell type: Bovine choricoapillary endothelial cells (CCE) Protocol: 1. Isolated CCE cells (passage 2-3) seeded at 2×10⁴ cells/ml in gelatin-coated 24-well plates. 2. After 24h, medium replaced with: o Experimental: 100 μg/ml thalidomide in DMSO (final DMSO: 15.5 μl/ml) o Control 1: DMSO alone (15.5 μl/ml) o Control 2: Unspplemented medium 3. Incubated 24h at 37°C/5% CO₂. 4. Cells detached using trypsin-EDTA, fixed in paraformaldehyde, counted manually. In vitro cell-based assays for Dimethyl sulfone are conducted using bovine chorionic capillary endothelial cells (CCE). Cells are seeded at 2×10⁴ cells/ml in gelatin-coated 24-well plates. After 24 hours, medium is replaced with DMSO at 15.5 μl/ml or DMSO-containing thalidomide (100 μg/ml). After 24-hour incubation at 37°C/5% CO₂, cells are detached using trypsin-EDTA, fixed, and counted manually. Cell viability is assessed. Experiments include unsupplemented medium controls and DMSO alone controls. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal Protocol [3]
Species: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (275–300 g) Procedure: 1. Anesthetized with 4% isoflurane (70% N₂O/30% O₂), intubated. 2. Maintained at 37°C rectal/temporalis temperature. 3. Femoral artery cannulated for blood pressure/blood gas monitoring. 4. Permanent MCA occlusion via intraluminal suture (20–22 mm insertion). Dosing: DMSO (0.01–1.0 ml in saline, total vol. 1.0 ml) administered intraperitoneally 30 min pre-occlusion. Endpoint: Brains harvested at 24h, sectioned (2 mm), stained with 2% TTC. Infarction volume quantified by blinded digital image analysis. In vivo animal studies with Dimethyl sulfone are conducted in rat permanent MCA occlusion models. The compound is administered via intraperitoneal injection at doses of 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 ml, 30 minutes pre-ischemia. Infarction volume is measured at 24 hours. Neuroprotection is assessed by comparing infarction volume to saline controls (P<0.05). Studies have also been conducted in rhesus monkey brain compression and missile brain injury models. Each group consists of 6-10 animals with appropriate controls. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Distribution: It spreads rapidly throughout the body, including penetrating the brain.
Pharmacokinetic properties of Dimethyl sulfone include its formation as a metabolic product of endogenous methanethiol metabolism and intestinal bacterial metabolism. As a small, polar molecule (MW 94.13), it is well absorbed and distributed throughout the body. The compound is eliminated primarily via renal excretion. Its pharmacokinetics are influenced by metabolic rate and renal function. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life and bioavailability are available from clinical and preclinical studies. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Use During Lactation Dimethyl sulfone (MSM) is a common, normal oxidative metabolite found in blood and breast milk. It is a product of endogenous methanethiol metabolism and intestinal bacterial metabolism. Currently, there are no studies on oral administration of MSM to lactating women, but its low toxicity suggests it is unlikely to harm breastfed infants. ◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants No published information found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk No published information found as of the revision date. Toxicological data for Dimethyl sulfone indicate that it is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic and research doses. No significant toxicity has been reported. The compound is a naturally occurring metabolite and is used as a dietary supplement. However, comprehensive toxicological studies have been conducted as part of its safety evaluation for human use. As with all research chemicals, appropriate safety precautions should be taken during handling. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Sulfonyl dimethyl sulfone is a sulfone. It has been reported to be present in horsetail, Malabar spinach, and other organisms with relevant data. See also: dimethyl sulfone; menthol (ingredient); dimethyl sulfone; N-acetylglucosamine (ingredient); arnica flower; dimethyl sulfone; menthol (ingredient)...see more...
Dimethyl sulfoxide is commonly used as a solvent for water-insoluble compounds such as thalidomide. This study shows that dimethyl sulfoxide has a direct antiproliferative effect on bovine CCE cells, which complicates the interpretation of thalidomide experimental results in the absence of an appropriate solvent control. Mechanism: Species-specific effects are suspected; metabolites may be involved in the inhibitory effect. Significance: In vitro studies using thalidomide/DMSO solutions require parallel controls containing only DMSO to distinguish drug effects from solvent artifacts. Dimethyl sulfone (MSM) is an endogenous metabolite with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, local anesthetic, and neuroprotective effects. It inhibits chorionic capillary endothelial cell proliferation and acetylcholinesterase. The compound is used in research on inflammation, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and angiogenesis. It is also used as a dietary supplement for joint health and inflammation. Not approved as a prescription therapeutic agent; intended for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C2H6O2S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
94.13
|
| Exact Mass |
94.008
|
| Elemental Analysis |
C, 25.52; H, 6.43; O, 33.99; S, 34.06
|
| CAS # |
67-71-0
|
| Related CAS # |
Dimethyl sulfone-d6;22230-82-6
|
| PubChem CID |
6213
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
240.9±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
107-109 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
143.3±0.0 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.1±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.402
|
| LogP |
-1.19
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
5
|
| Complexity |
85.3
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CS(=O)(=O)C
|
| InChi Key |
HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C2H6O2S/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-2H3
|
| Chemical Name |
methylsulfonylmethane
|
| Synonyms |
Dimethyl sulfone; Methyl sulfone; Methylsulfonylmethane; DIMETHYLSULFONE; Dimethyl sulphone; Methane, sulfonylbis-; sulfonyldimethane; ...; 67-71-0;
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~531.18 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 10.6236 mL | 53.1180 mL | 106.2361 mL | |
| 5 mM | 2.1247 mL | 10.6236 mL | 21.2472 mL | |
| 10 mM | 1.0624 mL | 5.3118 mL | 10.6236 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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