| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Darbufelone targets prostaglandin receptors (PGF2R) and leukotriene receptors, acting as a dual inhibitor of cellular PGF2α and LTB4 production. It effectively inhibits PGHS-2 (COX-2) with an IC50 of 0.19 μM, but shows much lower potency against PGHS-1 (IC50 = 20 μM). The compound is a noncompetitive inhibitor of PGHS-2. It has also been studied as a dual cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor targeting the hyaluronan-CD44v6 pathway.
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| ln Vitro |
Darbufelone (Ki=10±5 μM) inhibits PGHS-2 in a non-competitive manner. At 325 nm (lambda(ex)=280 nm), darbufelone quenches the fluorescence of PGHS-2, with a Kd of 0.98±0.03 μM[1]. A549, H520, and H460 cell lines—which were developed based on three distinct pathological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)—were used to test the potential antiproliferative effects of darbufelone (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung cancer, respectively). Elevate the concentration of dabufilon (between 5 and 60 μM) and conduct a 72-hour test. With increasing drug concentrations, these three cell lines' cytostatic effects grew over time. A549 and H520 have IC50 values of 20±3.6 and 21±1.8 μM, respectively, whereas H460 has a much lower IC50 value of 15±2.7 μM [2].
In vitro, darbufelone is a noncompetitive inhibitor of PGHS-2 (Kf=10±5 μM). It quenches the fluorescence of PGHS-2 at 325 nm (λex=280 nm) with Kf=0.98±0.03 μM. In A549, H520, and H460 NSCLC cell lines, increasing concentrations of darbufelone (5-60 μM; 72 h) gradually increase cell growth inhibition, with IC50 values of 20±3.6, 21±1.8, and 15±2.7 μM, respectively. It also induces cytotoxicity in colon cancer cells. |
| ln Vivo |
Darbufelone is a dual inhibitor of LTB4 and PGF2R synthesis in cells. In animal models of inflammation and arthritis, dabufilon is both orally active and non-ulcerogenic [1]. Tumor volume decreased in mice receiving dabufilone at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day in a time-dependent manner. Conversely, dabufilone at lesser dosages (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) did not significantly reduce the weight of tumors. Mice given dabufilon (80 mg/kg/day) at necropsy showed a 30.2% decrease in tumor weight as compared to controls [2].
In vivo, darbufelone is orally active and nonulcerogenic in animal models of inflammation and arthritis. When mice are treated with darbufelone at 80 mg/kg/day, tumor volumes decrease in a time-dependent manner. At necropsy, tumor weight in mice treated with 80 mg/kg/day is reduced by 30.2% compared with the control group. Lower doses (20 or 40 mg/kg/day) do not show significant inhibition of tumor weight. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free assays for darbufelone involve measuring its inhibitory activity against PGHS-2 cyclooxygenase activity. HoloPGHS-2 (30 nM final concentration) is added to reaction mixtures containing 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.4), 100 μM TMPD, and varying levels of arachidonic acid (0-60 μM) and darbufelone (0-30 μM). Cyclooxygenase activity is measured by monitoring the oxidation of TMPD at 610 nm using a microplate reader. No enzyme-inhibitor preincubation is performed.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for darbufelone are performed using NSCLC cell lines A549, H520, and H460. Cells are treated with increasing concentrations of darbufelone (5-60 μM) for 72 hours. Cell growth inhibition is assessed using standard viability assays. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. The compound's antiproliferative effect is also evaluated in colon cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays may be performed to characterize the mechanism of action.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for darbufelone are conducted in mouse models of inflammation, arthritis, and cancer. For tumor studies, mice are treated with darbufelone at 80 mg/kg/day. Tumor volumes are measured over time. At necropsy, tumor weights are recorded. For inflammation and arthritis models, the compound is orally administered, and anti-inflammatory efficacy is assessed. Ulcerogenic effects are monitored to confirm the nonulcerogenic profile.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of darbufelone include a molecular weight of 332.46 g/mol, molecular formula C18H24N2O2S, and CAS No. 139226-28-1. It is orally active. The compound is typically stored at -20°C, sealed, and away from moisture; in solvent, it is stable at -80°C for 6 months and at -20°C for 1 month. Detailed ADME parameters such as half-life, Cmax, and AUC are not extensively reported in the available literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of darbufelone is characterized by its nonulcerogenic nature in animal models of inflammation and arthritis. This is a significant advantage over traditional NSAIDs that often cause gastrointestinal ulcers. Standard toxicology studies would include acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessments in rodent models. The compound has been investigated as a potential therapeutic agent but is intended for research use. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: dabufilone (preferred).
Darbufelone is an orally active dual inhibitor of cellular PGF2α and LTB4 production. It effectively inhibits PGHS-2 (IC50 = 0.19 μM) but shows much lower potency against PGHS-1 (IC50 = 20 μM). Darbufelone inhibits proliferation of NSCLC cell lines (IC50 = 15-21 μM) and reduces tumor weight by 30.2% at 80 mg/kg/day in mice. It is nonulcerogenic and has anti-inflammatory activity. Darbufelone is a research tool for studying inflammation and cancer. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H24N2O2S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
332.46036
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| Exact Mass |
332.155
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 65.03; H, 7.28; N, 8.43; O, 9.62; S, 9.64
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| CAS # |
139226-28-1
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| Related CAS # |
Darbufelone mesylate;139340-56-0
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| PubChem CID |
135564773
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
448.6ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
225.1ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.16E-08mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.589
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| LogP |
4.94
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
504
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(C)(C)C1=CC(=CC(=C1O)C(C)(C)C)/C=C\2/C(=O)NC(=N)S2
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| InChi Key |
AKTXOQVMWSFEBQ-LCYFTJDESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H24N2O2S/c1-17(2,3)11-7-10(8-12(14(11)21)18(4,5)6)9-13-15(22)20-16(19)23-13/h7-9,21H,1-6H3,(H2,19,20,22)/b13-9-
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| Chemical Name |
(5Z)-5-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one
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| Synonyms |
darbufelona; darbufelonum; RefChem:130956; DTXCID3027247; Darbufelone;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: 100 mg/mL (300.8 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0079 mL | 15.0394 mL | 30.0788 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6016 mL | 3.0079 mL | 6.0158 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3008 mL | 1.5039 mL | 3.0079 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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