| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
D2 Receptor (Ki = 0.38 nM); 5-HT2A Receptor (Ki = 7 nM)
cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride targets dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. As a potent and selective antagonist, it binds to these receptors and blocks the action of dopamine. This mechanism is responsible for its antipsychotic and neuroleptic effects. The compound has a molecular formula of C23H27Cl2F3N2OS and a molecular weight of 507.44. |
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| ln Vitro |
Of the 31 antipsychotics examined, the older traditional antipsychotics such as trifluperazine, pimozide, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, and flupenthixol bind more tightly than dopamine itself to the dopamine D2 receptor, with dissociation constants that are lower than that for dopamine. The newer, atypical antipsychotics such as quetiapine, remoxipride, clozapine, olanzapine, sertindole, ziprasidone, and amisulpride all bind more loosely than dopamine to the dopamine D2 receptor and have dissociation constants higher than that for dopamine. These tight and loose binding data agree with the rates of antipsychotic dissociation from the human-cloned D2 receptor. For instance, radioactive haloperidol, chlorpromazine, and raclopride all dissociate very slowly over a 30-minute time span, while radioactive quetiapine, clozapine, remoxipride, and amisulpride dissociate rapidly, in less than 60 seconds. These data also match clinical brain-imaging findings that show haloperidol remaining constantly bound to D2 in humans undergoing 2 positron emission tomography (PET) scans 24 hours apart. Conversely, the occupation of D2 by clozapine or quetiapine has mostly disappeared after 24 hours.[2]
In vitro, cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride demonstrates potent and selective antagonism of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. It binds to these receptors with high affinity, as indicated by its Ki values. These in vitro characteristics support its use in studying dopamine receptor function and signaling. |
| ln Vivo |
Pretreatment with cis-(Z)-Flupentixol (0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibits cocaine-induced activity [1].
In vivo, cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride is used as an antipsychotic and neuroleptic agent. It is used to treat schizophrenia and anxiolytic and depressive disorders. It also plays a major role in lung fluid homeostasis through dopamine D1 receptors. However, specific published in vivo efficacy studies are not detailed in the current literature. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro dopamine receptor binding assay for cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride uses membranes from cells expressing dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. The compound is incubated with a radiolabeled ligand specific for the receptor, and the displacement of the ligand is measured. Ki values are calculated from competition binding curves. The selectivity for D1 and D2 receptors over other receptors is confirmed by profiling against a panel of receptors.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride are conducted in cells expressing dopamine receptors. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound. Dopamine receptor signaling is assessed by measuring downstream effects such as cAMP production or calcium mobilization. The compound's antagonistic activity is confirmed by its ability to block dopamine-induced signaling. Cell viability is measured using standard assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Rat[1].
Doses: 0.125, 0.25 or 0.5 mg/kg. Management: Intellectual Property Experimental Results: Cocaine-induced reduction in activity. In vivo studies for cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride are typically conducted in animal models of schizophrenia or depression. The compound is administered orally or via injection. Efficacy is assessed by measuring behavioral outcomes, such as locomotor activity or forced swim test performance. The compound's effects on dopamine receptor signaling in the brain are evaluated by measuring neurotransmitter levels or receptor occupancy. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride is not extensively reported in publicly available sources. The compound has a molecular weight of 507.44 and a molecular formula of C23H27Cl2F3N2OS. It has a CAS number of 51529-01-2. As a small molecule, it is expected to have moderate bioavailability. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life and bioavailability are not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Use During Lactation Flupentixol has not yet received marketing approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but it is available in other countries. Limited information suggests that low concentrations of flupentixol in breast milk and the serum of breastfed infants, even with a maternal oral dose not exceeding 4 mg daily or an injectable 40 mg extended-release dose every 2 weeks, have not resulted in adverse developmental consequences. A safety rating system considers the use of flupentixol with caution during lactation to be feasible. Infants should be closely monitored when using flupentixol during lactation until more data are available. ◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants A woman took 1 mg flupentixol and 100 mg nortriptyline daily during pregnancy, and immediately postpartum took 4 mg flupentixol and 125 mg nortriptyline daily. She exclusively breastfed her infant. During the 4-month observation period, the infant did not experience any adverse drug reactions and exhibited normal motor development. The mother received daily doses of flupentixol 2 mg and nortriptyline 75 mg. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk Flupentixol can increase serum prolactin levels and may cause galactorrhea. For mothers who have established lactation, prolactin levels may not affect their ability to breastfeed. Toxicity data for cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride is derived from its use as an antipsychotic agent. As with all pharmaceuticals, it can have side effects. As a research compound, it is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tolerability studies would be required for a complete toxicity assessment. |
| References |
[1]. Jennifer M Wenzel, et al. The dopamine antagonist cis-flupenthixol blocks the expression of the conditioned positive but not the negative effects of cocaine in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 Dec;114-115:90-6.
[2]. Philip Seeman, et al. Atypical antipsychotics: mechanism of action. Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;47(1):27-38. |
| Additional Infomation |
Cis-flupentixol dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride of cis-flupentixol. It has anti-aging effects. It contains the cis-flupentixol(2+) ion. It is a thiol-type neuroleptic, unlike chlorpromazine, and is said to have central nervous system activating effects. It is used to treat psychosis, but not suitable for patients in mania or agitation. (Excerpt from Martindale Pharmacopoeia, 30th edition, page 595)
cis-(Z)-Flupentixol dihydrochloride (cis-(Z)-Flupenthixol dihydrochloride; CAS 51529-01-2) is a potent and selective antagonist of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. It is an antipsychotic and neuroleptic agent. It has a molecular formula of C23H27Cl2F3N2OS and a molecular weight of 507.44. It is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C23H27CL2F3N2OS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
507.44
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| Exact Mass |
506.117
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 54.44; H, 5.36; Cl, 13.97; F, 11.23; N, 5.52; O, 3.15; S, 6.32
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| CAS # |
51529-01-2
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| Related CAS # |
Flupentixol dihydrochloride;2413-38-9;Flupentixol;2709-56-0
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| PubChem CID |
5282483
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Boiling Point |
554.7ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
194-202ºC
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| Flash Point |
289.3ºC
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| LogP |
6.081
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
592
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
Cl[H].Cl[H].S1C2=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C2/C(/C2C([H])=C(C(F)(F)F)C([H])=C([H])C1=2)=C(/[H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O[H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
ZQAWQVWCKYGMNE-CVIBNLPVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C23H25F3N2OS.ClH/c24-23(25,26)17-7-8-22-20(16-17)18(19-4-1-2-6-21(19)30-22)5-3-9-27-10-12-28(13-11-27)14-15-29;/h1-2,4-8,16,29H,3,9-15H2;1H/b18-5-;
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| Chemical Name |
2-[4-[(3Z)-3-[2-(trifluoromethyl)thioxanthen-9-ylidene]propyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethanol;hydrochloride
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| Synonyms |
Flupenthixol dihydrochloride; 2413-38-9; Emergil; cis-(Z)-Flupenthixol dihydrochloride; FLUPENTIXOL DIHYDROCHLORIDE; Fupentixol dihydrochloride; Flupentixol HCl; .
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~62.5 mg/mL (~123.17 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9707 mL | 9.8534 mL | 19.7068 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3941 mL | 1.9707 mL | 3.9414 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1971 mL | 0.9853 mL | 1.9707 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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