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Bethanechol (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride), a parasympathomimetic choline carbamate and an analog of acetylcholine, is a selective muscarinic receptor agonist without any effect on nicotinic receptors. In addition to treating dry mouth, bethanechol can also be administered subcutaneously or orally to treat gastrointestinal lack of muscular tone, diabetic neuropathy of the bladder, and urinary retention brought on by general anesthesia.
| Targets |
mAChR
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Bethanechol (0.3-300 μM) decreases ileal pacemaker potentials noticeably[2].
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| ln Vivo |
Bethanechol (2-12 mg/kg; i.p.) causes rats to drink more and produce more urine in a dose-dependent fashion[4].
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| Animal Protocol |
Female rats of the Blue Spruce Farms (Sprague-Dawley) (280-330 g)
2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, 12 mg/kg Intraperitoneal injection |
| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C₇H₁₇N₂O₂
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
161.22
|
| Exact Mass |
161.13
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| CAS # |
674-38-4
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| Related CAS # |
Bethanechol chloride; 590-63-6
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| SMILES |
CC(C[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)N
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| InChi Key |
NZUPCNDJBJXXRF-UHFFFAOYSA-O
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H16N2O2/c1-6(11-7(8)10)5-9(2,3)4/h6H,5H2,1-4H3,(H-,8,10)/p+1
|
| Chemical Name |
2-carbamoyloxypropyl(trimethyl)azanium
|
| Synonyms |
Bethanechol; Carbamyl-β-methylcholine
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
|---|
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.2027 mL | 31.0135 mL | 62.0270 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.2405 mL | 6.2027 mL | 12.4054 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6203 mL | 3.1014 mL | 6.2027 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT05299008 | Recruiting | Drug: Bethanechol | Tracheobronchomalacia | Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute |
August 11, 2022 | N/A |
| NCT05241249 | Recruiting | Drug: Bethanechol Drug: Gemcitabine |
Pancreas Cancer | Susan E. Bates | February 1, 2022 | Phase 2 |
| NCT03572283 | Recruiting | Drug: Bethanechol | Pancreas Cancer | Columbia University | April 8, 2018 | Early Phase 1 |
| NCT01031043 | Completed | Drug: Bethanechol | Esophageal Dysmotility | Augusta University | November 2009 | Phase 1 |
| NCT01434901 | Completed | Drug: Placebo Drug: Bethanechol (25 mg) |
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus | Washington University School of Medicine |
August 15, 2011 | Phase 1 |
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