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| Targets |
BES sodium does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is a biological buffer rather than a drug. Its function is to maintain pH homeostasis in biochemical and cell biology experiments. As a zwitterionic compound, it acts as both a proton donor and acceptor, helping to stabilize pH in reaction mixtures. In cell culture applications, BES sodium contributes to the optimal extracellular environment for cell growth by managing pH without disturbing the ionic balance of the medium. The compound's buffering action is critical for maintaining the activity and structural integrity of enzymes and other sensitive biomolecules in various experimental conditions. It belongs to the Good's buffer family, characterized by high water solubility, low cell membrane permeability, consistent acid-base dissociation constants, and low metal chelating capability.
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| ln Vitro |
BES sodium serves as a non-interfering buffering agent in biochemical assays, maintaining stable pH conditions that are essential for enzyme activity and protein stability. In vitro, it is used in enzyme kinetics studies where precise pH control is critical, as well as in protein solubility studies and electrophoresis applications. The buffer effectively manages pH in the range of 6.4-7.8 without disturbing the ionic balance of the medium. Its low UV absorbance makes it suitable for spectrophotometric analysis, ensuring minimal optical interference and enhanced result accuracy. BES sodium has been employed in studies investigating methanogenesis inhibition and anaerobic dechlorination processes. The compound is also used in calcium phosphate-mediated transfection of eukaryotic cells, where stable pH conditions are required for efficient DNA uptake.
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| ln Vivo |
BES sodium is not used as a therapeutic agent and thus has no established in vivo activity as a drug. Its primary application is in laboratory settings as a biological buffer for in vitro experiments. The compound is used to prepare buffer solutions that maintain stable pH environments in biochemical and cell biology experiments. While there are no reported pharmacological effects in vivo, the buffering agent has been utilized in research contexts such as studying methanogen metabolism and community structure in microbial cultures. It is also referenced in studies involving bioelectrochemical systems and the degradation of various compounds. BES sodium is generally considered non-toxic and biologically inert, serving only as a pH-stabilizing component in experimental systems rather than as a bioactive molecule with direct in vivo effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for BES sodium typically involve preparing buffer solutions at the desired pH (range 6.4-7.8) by dissolving the appropriate amount of BES sodium in deionized water. The buffer is then used to maintain a stable pH environment for enzymatic reactions or protein assays. For spectrophotometric analysis, the low UV absorbance of BES sodium ensures minimal interference with optical measurements. In calcium phosphate-mediated transfection protocols, BES-buffered saline is prepared and used to form calcium phosphate-DNA precipitates for delivery into eukaryotic cells. Typical buffer preparation involves dissolving BES sodium in water, adjusting the pH with acid or base as needed, and filtering the solution for sterility if used in cell culture applications. The buffer is stored at room temperature or 4°C and protected from moisture.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using BES sodium involve its incorporation into cell culture media to maintain physiological pH (typically 7.2-7.4) for optimal cell growth and experimental conditions. The compound is dissolved in cell culture medium at concentrations appropriate for the desired buffering capacity, generally 10-25 mM. For transfection experiments, BES-buffered saline is used to prepare calcium phosphate-DNA complexes, which are then added to eukaryotic cell cultures. Cells are incubated with the transfection mixture for several hours before medium replacement. For enzyme activity assays, BES buffer is used to prepare substrate solutions and reaction mixtures, with cells lysed in BES-containing buffers to preserve enzyme activity. The buffer's non-interfering nature makes it suitable for maintaining extracellular pH without affecting cellular metabolism or signaling pathways.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments using BES sodium are not typical as the compound is a research buffer rather than a therapeutic agent. However, BES buffer has been used in studies involving animal models indirectly, such as in the preparation of solutions for administration or in ex vivo tissue experiments. When used in animal studies, BES sodium would be formulated as a buffered saline solution for injection or oral administration, with doses calculated based on the desired buffer concentration in biological fluids. The compound's primary role is to maintain pH stability in administered solutions rather than to exert any pharmacological effect. Researchers may use BES-buffered solutions in animal studies where pH control is critical for the stability of co-administered compounds or for maintaining physiological conditions during experiments.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a biological buffer rather than a drug, BES sodium does not have established pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. When used in in vitro experiments, the compound remains in the buffer solution and does not undergo metabolic transformation. In cell culture applications, BES sodium helps maintain extracellular pH without being taken up by cells to a significant degree. The compound's zwitterionic nature and low cell membrane permeability limit its cellular uptake. BES sodium is typically prepared as a stock solution in water at concentrations up to 1 M and diluted to working concentrations of 10-50 mM for experiments. For long-term storage, the powder is kept at -20°C for up to 3 years, and solutions are stored at -80°C for up to 1 year.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
BES sodium is generally considered to have low toxicity as a biological buffer. The compound is not intended for human or veterinary use and is classified for research purposes only. Safety data sheets indicate that standard laboratory handling precautions should be followed, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions and should be kept away from moisture. Acute toxicity data are limited, but as a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffer, it is not expected to be highly toxic. In cell culture applications, BES sodium is used at concentrations that are compatible with cell viability and growth. The compound's non-interfering nature with biological activity of proteins suggests minimal cytotoxicity. BES sodium is not classified as a hazardous substance under standard regulatory criteria.
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| Additional Infomation |
BES sodium is a member of the Good's buffer family, named after Norman Good who developed these zwitterionic buffers in 1966 for biochemical research. The compound's chemical name is N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, with synonyms including BES sodium salt. The free acid form has a pKa of 7.15 at 25°C, making it suitable for physiological pH applications. The sodium salt form is preferred for its improved solubility and ease of handling. BES sodium has been cited in numerous research publications, including studies on vinyl chloride metabolism, tetrachloroethene transformation, and methanogenesis inhibition. The compound is available in various grades including molecular biology grade and is supplied as a white crystalline powder. It is stable for 3 years when stored as a powder at -20°C.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H14NO5S-.NA+
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| Molecular Weight |
235.23386
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| Exact Mass |
235.049
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| CAS # |
66992-27-6
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| Related CAS # |
BES;10191-18-1
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| PubChem CID |
23671640
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
209
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C(CO)N(CCO)CCS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
CFQLQLSIZOWFNV-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H15NO5S.Na/c8-4-1-7(2-5-9)3-6-13(10,11)12;/h8-9H,1-6H2,(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanesulfonate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.2512 mL | 21.2558 mL | 42.5116 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8502 mL | 4.2512 mL | 8.5023 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4251 mL | 2.1256 mL | 4.2512 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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