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| Targets |
ANS ammonium does not have a single specific target, but rather its applications are diverse. As a fluorescent probe, it binds to hydrophobic patches on proteins, particularly those exposed during protein folding or unfolding. Its fluorescence increases dramatically upon binding to these hydrophobic regions, making it a sensitive indicator of protein conformational changes. As an antibacterial agent, its target is likely the bacterial cell membrane, similar to other cationic surfactants. In radioimmunoassays, it blocks the binding of triiodothyronine to thyroxine-binding globulin.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ANS ammonium is used as a fluorescent probe for protein studies, serving as a sensitive indicator of protein folding and conformational changes. Its fluorescence increases upon binding to hydrophobic regions of proteins, allowing researchers to monitor protein folding and unfolding in real-time. It is also an effective antibacterial agent, used in various antimicrobial assays. Additionally, it is used as a textile dye. In radioimmunoassays, it blocks the binding of triiodothyronine to thyroxine-binding globulin.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of ANS ammonium is not a primary focus of study, as it is primarily used as a research tool in vitro. Its role as an antibacterial agent suggests it could have in vivo activity against bacterial infections, but specific data is not available. Its use as a fluorescent probe is typically limited to in vitro or ex vivo applications. The compound's ability to block triiodothyronine binding to thyroxine-binding globulin suggests it could affect thyroid hormone function in vivo, but this has not been extensively studied.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cell) assays for ANS ammonium typically involve its use as a fluorescent probe to study protein-ligand interactions. A standard protocol for protein folding studies: a protein of interest (e.g., bovine serum albumin or a model protein) is denatured using a chaotropic agent such as guanidine hydrochloride. ANS ammonium is added to the protein solution, and the fluorescence is measured over time using a fluorometer with excitation at 350 nm and emission at 470 nm. As the protein refolds, hydrophobic patches become buried, and the fluorescence decreases. This assay allows researchers to monitor the kinetics of protein folding and to assess the effects of ligands or mutations on protein stability.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for ANS ammonium typically assess its antibacterial activity. A standard protocol: bacterial cells (e.g., E. coli or S. aureus) are cultured to log phase and diluted to a standard concentration. The cells are then incubated with various concentrations of ANS ammonium in 96-well plates for 18-24 hours at 37°C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by measuring the optical density at 600 nm. The compound's antibacterial activity is compared to that of standard antibiotics. Alternatively, its cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells can be assessed using the MTT assay.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for ANS ammonium are not well-documented. For antibacterial compounds, a standard in vivo efficacy study would use a mouse model of bacterial infection. For example, mice could be infected with a bacterial pathogen (e.g., by intraperitoneal injection) and then treated with ANS ammonium at various doses. Survival rates, bacterial load in tissues, and clinical signs of infection would be monitored. Such studies would be needed to evaluate the compound's therapeutic potential, but specific data for ANS ammonium is not available.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of ANS ammonium are not well-characterized. The compound is an ammonium salt of a sulfonic acid, which makes it highly polar and water-soluble. It is not expected to readily cross biological membranes. Its molecular weight is 316.38 g/mol. The compound's fluorescence properties are sensitive to the polarity of its environment, which is the basis of its use as a probe for protein hydrophobic patches. It is typically stored at room temperature as a powder.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for ANS ammonium is limited. As a compound with antibacterial activity, it may have cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells as well. Standard laboratory precautions should be followed when handling the compound. Inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact should be avoided. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human consumption.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
ANS ammonium is a fluorescent probe used in protein conformation studies. It is also an effective antimicrobial agent and a textile dye. In radioimmunoassays for triiodothyronine, it blocks the binding of triiodothyronine to thyroxine-binding globulin. The compound is used as a sensitive indicator of protein folding and conformational changes. It is not a drug and has no clinical use or approval status. It is commercially available from chemical suppliers for research purposes only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H16N2O3S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
316.3748
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| Exact Mass |
316.088
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| CAS # |
28836-03-5
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| Related CAS # |
82-76-8 (Parent)
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| PubChem CID |
120066
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| Appearance |
Off-white to gray solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
582.9ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
242-244 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
306.3ºC
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| LogP |
5.017
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
426
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S(C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C(C=21)N([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])(=O)(=O)[O-].[N+]([H])([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
IPBNQYLKHUNLQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H13NO3S.H3N/c18-21(19,20)15-11-5-7-12-6-4-10-14(16(12)15)17-13-8-2-1-3-9-13;/h1-11,17H,(H,18,19,20);1H3
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| Chemical Name |
azanium;8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1609 mL | 15.8043 mL | 31.6086 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6322 mL | 3.1609 mL | 6.3217 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3161 mL | 1.5804 mL | 3.1609 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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