| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3), which are G-protein-coupled receptors. Unlabeled adenosine is an endogenous autacoid that regulates numerous physiological processes including cardiac function, neuronal activity, vascular tone, platelet aggregation, and inflammation.
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| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
Adenosine-1-13C has the same biological activity as unlabeled adenosine. Adenosine binds to A1 and A2A receptors with Ki values in the range of 70-310 nM. It acts as a direct agonist at these receptors, depressing SA and AV nodal activity, antagonizing cAMP-mediated catecholamine stimulation, and modulating neurotransmitter release. |
| ln Vivo |
Adenosine-1-13C is not administered therapeutically; it is used as a tracer to study adenosine pharmacokinetics and receptor binding. Unlabeled adenosine is FDA-approved for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (6-12 mg IV bolus) and for pharmacological stress testing.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Adenosine-1-13C (10-100 microM) is incubated with membrane preparations containing adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3). Binding is measured by displacement of a radiolabeled antagonist (e.g., [3H]DPCPX for A1) or by TR-FRET. The 13C label is used to quantify unbound adenosine by LC-MS/MS.
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| Cell Assay |
Adenosine-1-13C is added to cell culture media (1-100 microM) and incubated with cells (e.g., cardiomyocytes, neurons, immune cells) for 5-30 minutes. Cells are lysed, and the 13C enrichment in adenosine, inosine (by adenosine deaminase), and adenine nucleotides is measured by LC-MS/MS or NMR to track adenosine metabolism.
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| Animal Protocol |
Mice or rats are administered Adenosine-1-13C (1-10 mg/kg, IV or IP). Blood samples (20-50 microL) are collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30 minutes post-dose. Plasma is analyzed by LC-MS/MS for the parent compound and its major metabolites (inosine, hypoxanthine) using the 13C label to distinguish endogenous from exogenous adenosine.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Adenosine has a very short plasma half-life (<10 seconds in humans, ~1-2 minutes in rodents) due to rapid cellular uptake via nucleoside transporters and rapid metabolism by adenosine deaminase. Adenosine-1-13C behaves identically, enabling precise PK measurements.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No toxicity; adenosine is an endogenous compound, and the 13C-labeled version is safe at tracer levels. High therapeutic doses of adenosine (140 microg/kg/min IV) can cause flushing, dyspnea, chest pain, and transient heart block. The labeled version is used only at trace levels.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Adenosine-1-13C is for research use only, not FDA-approved as a therapeutic. Unlabeled adenosine is FDA-approved for supraventricular tachycardia (Adenocard®) and stress testing (Adenoscan®). The 13C-labeled version is a valuable tool for NMR-based metabolomics, PK/PD studies, and for quantifying adenosine concentrations in biological samples by isotope dilution mass spectrometry.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H13N5O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
268.233976125717
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| Exact Mass |
268.1
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| CAS # |
201996-55-6
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| Related CAS # |
Adenosine;58-61-7;Adenosine-15N5;168566-57-2
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| PubChem CID |
21580289
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-1.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
335
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
O1[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@H]([13C@@H]1N1C=NC2C(N)=NC=NC1=2)O)O
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| InChi Key |
OIRDTQYFTABQOQ-OGIWRBOVSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-8-5-9(13-2-12-8)15(3-14-5)10-7(18)6(17)4(1-16)19-10/h2-4,6-7,10,16-18H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t4-,6-,7-,10-/m1/s1/i10+1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)(213C)oxolane-3,4-diol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~250 mg/mL (~932.04 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7281 mL | 18.6407 mL | 37.2814 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7456 mL | 3.7281 mL | 7.4563 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3728 mL | 1.8641 mL | 3.7281 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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