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| ln Vitro |
The in vitro antifungal activity of Tetradehydropodophyllotoxin was evaluated against several common pathogenic fungi. Specifically, it exhibited inhibitory effects on Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for these fungi were determined as follows: MIC against Candida albicans was 8 μg/mL, MIC against Aspergillus niger was 16 μg/mL, and MIC against Trichophyton rubrum was 4 μg/mL. No significant inhibitory activity was observed against Escherichia coli (a Gram-negative bacterium) or Staphylococcus aureus (a Gram-positive bacterium) even at a concentration of 64 μg/mL, indicating that the compound has selective antifungal activity rather than antibacterial activity. [1]
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| Cell Assay |
The cell assay for evaluating the antifungal activity of Tetradehydropodophyllotoxin was conducted using the broth microdilution method. First, fungal strains (including Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum) were cultured in appropriate liquid media (such as Sabouraud dextrose broth) at 30°C for 24–48 hours to obtain a logarithmic growth phase culture. The fungal culture was then adjusted to a final concentration of 1×10⁴ to 5×10⁴ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL using sterile physiological saline. Next, Tetradehydropodophyllotoxin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and serially diluted with the aforementioned liquid medium to prepare a series of concentrations (ranging from 0.5 μg/mL to 64 μg/mL). Equal volumes of the diluted compound solution and the adjusted fungal suspension were added to the wells of a 96-well microtiter plate, resulting in final compound concentrations of 0.25 μg/mL to 32 μg/mL and a final fungal concentration of 5×10³ to 2.5×10⁴ CFU/mL. Wells containing only fungal suspension and DMSO (at the same final concentration as in the compound-treated wells) were used as negative controls, and wells containing antifungal standard drugs (such as fluconazole) were used as positive controls. The microtiter plate was incubated at 30°C for 48 hours, and then the optical density (OD) of each well was measured at a wavelength of 540 nm using a microplate reader. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of Tetradehydropodophyllotoxin that resulted in a ≥80% reduction in OD compared to the negative control well, indicating complete inhibition of fungal growth. [1]
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Dehydropodophyllotoxin has been reported to be found in juniper (Juniperus sabina), black locust (Dysosma versipellis), and other organisms with relevant data. Tetrahydropodophyllotoxin is an aryltetrahydronaphthalene lignan compound isolated from the leaves of Podophyllum hexandrum (a plant in the Berberidaceae family). The isolation process involved: extracting dried leaves with methanol, concentrating the extract under reduced pressure to obtain a crude extract, extracting the crude extract with ethyl acetate and water, collecting the ethyl acetate extract, and then purifying the ethyl acetate extract using column chromatography (with silica gel as the stationary phase, a mixture of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate as the mobile phase, and gradient elution). Finally, recrystallization yielded pure tetrahydropodophyllotoxin. The chemical structure of this compound was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). Aryltetrahydronaphthol lignans are a class of natural products with a variety of biological activities. The antifungal activity of tetrahydropodophyllotoxin reported in this study provides a basis for its potential application in the treatment of fungal infections. [1]
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| Molecular Formula |
C22H18O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
410.373527050018
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| Exact Mass |
410.1
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| CAS # |
42123-27-3
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| PubChem CID |
5316463
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.429±0.06 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
286-288 ºC (decomp)
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| LogP |
3.637
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
629
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
HSSDVCMYTACNSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H18O8/c1-25-16-4-10(5-17(26-2)21(16)27-3)18-11-6-14-15(30-9-29-14)7-12(11)20(23)13-8-28-22(24)19(13)18/h4-7,23H,8-9H2,1-3H3
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| Chemical Name |
5-hydroxy-9-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-6H-[2]benzofuro[5,6-f][1,3]benzodioxol-8-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~12.5 mg/mL (~30.46 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4368 mL | 12.1841 mL | 24.3683 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4874 mL | 2.4368 mL | 4.8737 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2437 mL | 1.2184 mL | 2.4368 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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