| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid primarily targets microbial cells, specifically fungal and bacterial pathogens. Its primary mechanism of action involves the regulation of ROS generation, leading to oxidative stress and apoptosis in cancer cells. The compound also modulates immune responses by affecting cytokine and chemokine expression. Its antifungal activity is directed against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi.
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| ln Vitro |
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid demonstrates potent in vitro antifungal activity against all tested phytopathogenic fungi, with inhibition rates of about 90-100%. It exhibits anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells through ROS generation. The compound shows antibacterial activity and modulates immune responses by upregulating IL-8 and ICAM-1 while inhibiting RANTES and MCP-1 release. Its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer activities make it a valuable tool for research.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid has been demonstrated in a zebrafish model, where it showed antagonistic activity against Vibrio anguillarum. Its strong antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi suggests potential for agricultural applications in controlling grapevine trunk diseases and other phytopathogenic infections. The compound's anticancer and immunomodulatory activities warrant further in vivo investigation in mammalian models.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid are not extensively documented, as the compound's primary mechanism involves ROS generation rather than specific enzyme inhibition. However, its ability to modulate cytokine expression can be assessed using ELISA or multiplex assays in cell culture supernatants. Antifungal activity is evaluated using standard agar diffusion or broth microdilution methods against phytopathogenic fungi.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid involve treating cancer cell lines with varying concentrations of the compound and measuring cell viability using MTT or other assays. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V staining, caspase activity assays, or ROS detection using fluorescent probes. Immunomodulatory effects are assessed by measuring cytokine and chemokine levels in treated immune cells or epithelial cells using ELISA.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid have been conducted in a zebrafish model to evaluate its antagonistic activity against Vibrio anguillarum. For agricultural applications, the compound can be tested in plant models infected with phytopathogenic fungi to evaluate disease control efficacy. Further studies in mammalian models of cancer and infection are needed to fully characterize its therapeutic potential.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid are limited. The compound has a molecular weight of 224.22 and a molecular formula of C13H8N2O2. It is soluble in DMSO and should be stored under recommended conditions. Its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties have not been fully characterized. Further pharmacokinetic studies are needed to determine its bioavailability and tissue distribution for potential therapeutic applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for phenazine-1-carboxylic acid are limited. As a naturally occurring compound with antimicrobial and anticancer activities, it is generally considered to have moderate toxicity, but comprehensive toxicological studies have not been reported. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic application. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid derived from phenazine by replacing the carboxyl group at the C-1 position. It possesses antibacterial, bacterial metabolic, and antifungal activities. It belongs to the phenazine class of compounds and is a monocarboxylic and aromatic carboxylic acid. It is the conjugate acid of phenazine-1-carboxylate. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid has been reported to be detected in Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptomyces diastaticus, and other organisms with relevant data.
Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (CAS#: 2538-68-3) has the molecular formula C13H8N2O2 and a molecular weight of 224.22. It is a naturally occurring antifungal agent produced by Pseudomonas spp. and Streptomycetes. The compound exhibits strong antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, and immunomodulatory activities. It is used in research on anti-infection, anticancer, and immune response modulation. The compound is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C13H8N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
224.21
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| Exact Mass |
224.058
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| CAS # |
2538-68-3
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| Related CAS # |
1144-02-1 (hydrochloride salt)
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| PubChem CID |
95069
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to green yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
494.6±10.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
241-241ºC
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| Flash Point |
252.9±19.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.769
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| LogP |
1.75
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
308
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
JGCSKOVQDXEQHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C13H8N2O2/c16-13(17)8-4-3-7-11-12(8)15-10-6-2-1-5-9(10)14-11/h1-7H,(H,16,17)
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| Chemical Name |
phenazine-1-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 5 mg/mL (22.30 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.4601 mL | 22.3005 mL | 44.6010 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8920 mL | 4.4601 mL | 8.9202 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4460 mL | 2.2301 mL | 4.4601 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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