| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Endogenous Metabolite[1], TNFR1[2].
Lacto-N-neotetraose targets inflammatory pathways in epithelial cells. It inhibits TNF-α induced IL-8 secretion in immature epithelial cells, demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity. LNnT also aids in wound healing. As a human milk oligosaccharide, it plays a role in modulating the infant gut microbiome and immune development. Oral supplementation of LNnT is used in infant formula to mimic the beneficial effects of breast milk. |
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| ln Vitro |
T84 cells secrete IL-8 when exposed to 5 mg/mL of lacto-N-neotetraose for 24 hours[2]. In FHs 74 Int cells, lacto-N-neotetraose (5 mg/mL, 24 h) decreases TNF-α-induced IL-8-secretion by 38%[2]. With a Kd value of 900 ± 660 nM, lacto-N-neotetraose binds tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)[2]. Lacto-N-neotetraose (5 mg/mL, 24 h) reduces inflammation caused by TNF-α in FHs 74 Int cells by shedding the TNFR1 ectodomain[2].
In vitro, Lacto-N-neotetraose inhibits TNF-α induced IL-8 secretion in immature epithelial cells. It has anti-inflammatory activity and can improve wound closure. As an endogenous metabolite, LNnT modulates inflammatory responses in epithelial cells. These in vitro activities support its use in studying inflammation, wound healing, and epithelial cell biology. |
| ln Vivo |
In the lungs of pneumonia-stricken rabbits, lacto-N-neotetraose (100 μM, administered intratracheally for 24 hours) decreases the amount of Streptococcus pneumonia[3]. On the seventh day after surgery, the intradermal injection of 100/200 μg lacto-N-neotetraose enhances the rate of wound closure[4].
In vivo data for Lacto-N-neotetraose is derived from studies on its effects as a dietary supplement. Oral supplementation of LNnT has been studied for its effects on the gut microbiome and immune development in infants. It has anti-inflammatory effects and aids in wound healing. However, specific published in vivo efficacy studies in animal models are not detailed in the current literature. LNnT is primarily used as a research tool for studying human milk oligosaccharides and their biological functions. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay for Lacto-N-neotetraose is conducted in immature epithelial cells. Cells are treated with TNF-α in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of LNnT, and IL-8 secretion is measured by ELISA. Wound healing assays are performed using scratch assays in epithelial cell monolayers, where the rate of wound closure is measured in the presence of LNnT. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Lacto-N-neotetraose are conducted in immature epithelial cells. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of LNnT, and inflammatory responses are assessed by measuring IL-8 and other cytokine levels using ELISA or qPCR. Wound healing is assessed using scratch assays, where the rate of wound closure is measured over time. Cell proliferation and viability are measured using standard assays such as MTT.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Rabbit model of pneumonia[3]
Doses: 100 μM Route of Administration: Intratracheal administration for 24 h Experimental Results: diminished by ~2 logs the bacterial load in the lung at 48 h after challenge. Eliminated the extensive, edematous right middle lobe lesion evident at 48 h in control animals. Animal/Disease Models: Mice with symmetric full-thickness wounds Doses: 100, 200 μg Route of Administration: Intradermal injection, at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-surgery. Experimental Results: demonstrated better healing score, follicle formation, and lower epidermal thickness index (H&E staining). In vivo studies for Lacto-N-neotetraose are conducted in animal models or clinical studies evaluating the effects of oral supplementation. LNnT is administered orally as a dietary supplement. Efficacy is assessed by measuring inflammatory markers, gut microbiome composition, and immune function. Wound healing may be assessed in wound models. However, specific published in vivo protocols for LNnT are not detailed in the available literature. The compound is currently used as a research tool. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Lacto-N-neotetraose is not extensively reported in publicly available sources. The compound has a molecular weight of 707.63 g/mol and a molecular formula of C26H45NO21. It has a CAS number of 13007-32-4. As an oligosaccharide, it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability but is metabolized by the gut microbiota. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life are not available in the current literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Lacto-N-neotetraose is limited in publicly available sources. As a human milk oligosaccharide, it is generally recognized as safe for consumption. However, as with all research compounds, LNnT is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tolerability studies would be required for a complete toxicity assessment.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT; CAS 13007-32-4) is a human milk oligosaccharide composed of glucose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine. It inhibits TNF-α induced IL-8 secretion, has anti-inflammatory activity, and improves wound closure. LNnT has a molecular formula of C26H45NO21 and a molecular weight of 707.63 g/mol. It is used in research on inflammation, wound healing, and human milk oligosaccharides.
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| Molecular Formula |
C26H45NO21
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
707.63
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| Exact Mass |
707.248
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| CAS # |
13007-32-4
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| PubChem CID |
121853
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.72g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
1173.6ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
663.6ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.668
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
14
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
21
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
15
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| Heavy Atom Count |
48
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| Complexity |
1010
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
19
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : 125 mg/mL (176.65 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4132 mL | 7.0658 mL | 14.1317 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2826 mL | 1.4132 mL | 2.8263 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1413 mL | 0.7066 mL | 1.4132 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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