| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Kresoxim-methyl targets the cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III) in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. By binding to the Qo site of cytochrome b, it blocks electron transfer from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1, preventing the reduction of ubiquinone. This inhibition disrupts the mitochondrial electron transport chain, halting ATP production and leading to fungal cell death. The compound binds to complex III from yeast with a Kd of 0.07 μM, demonstrating high affinity for this enzyme. Its strobilurin-based structure is characteristic of this class of fungicides that act as respiration inhibitors. The compound's high affinity for the target enzyme contributes to its potent antifungal activity.
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| ln Vitro |
After a 24-hour treatment, kresoxim-methyl alters the antioxidant response, mitochondrial activity, and motility of neuroblastoma N2a cells[3].
In vitro, kresoxim-methyl has demonstrated potent antifungal activity against various fungal pathogens. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration at complex III, blocking electron transfer and ATP production. The compound binds to complex III from yeast with a Kd of 0.07 μM. It inhibits conidial germination of V. inaequalis isolates from apple orchards with EC50 values of 0.00033-0.0078 mg/L. The compound's high affinity for cytochrome bc1 complex contributes to its potent activity at very low concentrations. Its effectiveness against powdery mildew, rusts, and other fungal pathogens has been demonstrated in various in vitro assays. The compound's strobilurin-based structure is characteristic of this class of fungicides. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, kresoxim-methyl is used as a fungicide for the control of various fungal diseases in agricultural crops. It is effective against powdery mildew, rusts, and other fungal pathogens affecting fruits, vegetables, cereals, and ornamental plants. The compound is applied as a foliar spray or seed treatment. Its systemic and translaminar properties allow it to protect plant tissues. The compound's high affinity for cytochrome bc1 complex and potent antifungal activity at low concentrations make it valuable for crop protection. Field trials have demonstrated its efficacy against a range of fungal diseases. The compound's use in agriculture is supported by extensive efficacy and safety data.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro biochemical assays, kresoxim-methyl is evaluated for its effects on mitochondrial respiration. Cytochrome bc1 complex activity is measured using spectrophotometric assays that monitor electron transfer. Binding affinity to complex III is determined using surface plasmon resonance or isothermal titration calorimetry, with a Kd of 0.07 μM reported. Fungal growth inhibition is assessed using agar dilution or broth microdilution methods to determine EC50 values. Spore germination inhibition is measured by counting germinated spores. Resistance mechanism studies are performed by isolating and characterizing resistant mutants. These cell-free and cell-based assays help characterize the compound's antifungal activity and mechanism of action.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for kresoxim-methyl are performed using fungal cultures. Fungi including V. inaequalis and other pathogens are cultured in appropriate media and treated with the compound at various concentrations. Fungal growth is monitored by measuring mycelial diameter, biomass, or spore germination. Mitochondrial respiration is assessed by measuring oxygen consumption or ATP levels. Cytochrome bc1 complex activity is measured in isolated mitochondria or membrane preparations. Fungal viability is assessed using fluorescent dyes or by plating for colony counts. These cellular assays help validate the compound's antifungal activity and characterize its mechanism of action as a respiration inhibitor.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with kresoxim-methyl are limited, as the compound is primarily used as an agricultural fungicide. Toxicological studies in animals have been conducted to assess safety for agricultural workers and consumers. Rodent models are used for acute, subchronic, and chronic toxicity assessments. Parameters assessed include body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, and histopathology. The compound's effects on reproduction, development, and genotoxicity have been evaluated. Environmental toxicity studies assess effects on non-target organisms including aquatic species and beneficial insects. These studies help establish safe use guidelines for agricultural applications.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of kresoxim-methyl have been characterized in toxicological studies. When ingested, the compound is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to tissues. It is metabolized in the liver and eliminated primarily in urine and feces. The compound's half-life in mammals is relatively short. Its logP and other physicochemical properties affect its absorption and distribution. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life, Cmax, Tmax, AUC, volume of distribution, and clearance are available in the toxicological literature. The compound's pharmacokinetic properties are relevant for assessing human exposure risks in agricultural settings.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data
LC50 (Rat) = 5,600 mg/m³/4h 5000 mg/kg LD50 (Rat, Dermal) >2000 mg/kg LC50 (Rat, Inhalation) 5.6 mg/L/4hr The toxicological profile of kresoxim-methyl has been characterized through extensive safety studies. The compound is classified as having low to moderate acute toxicity. Chronic exposure studies have identified potential target organs. The compound's effects on reproduction and development have been evaluated. Genotoxicity studies have generally shown negative results. The compound is not considered a significant carcinogenic risk. Environmental toxicity assessments have been conducted to evaluate effects on aquatic organisms and other non-target species. Appropriate safety precautions should be followed when handling kresoxim-methyl. The compound is for research and agricultural use and not for human therapeutic applications. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Kresoxim-methyl is a valuable research tool for studying mitochondrial respiration, fungicide resistance, and plant disease control. Its high affinity for cytochrome bc1 complex (Kd = 0.07 μM) makes it useful for studying the structure and function of this important enzyme complex. The compound is used in agricultural research to develop effective fungicide strategies and to study fungicide resistance mechanisms. Its strobilurin-based structure makes it an interesting model for studying structure-activity relationships in fungicide development. Kresoxim-methyl is also relevant for studying the environmental fate and impact of fungicides. Its effectiveness against powdery mildew, rusts, and other fungal pathogens makes it valuable for crop protection research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H19NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
313.35
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| Exact Mass |
313.131
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| CAS # |
143390-89-0
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| PubChem CID |
6112114
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
429.4±47.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
98-100°C
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| Flash Point |
171.2±23.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.531
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| LogP |
4.34
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
410
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O(C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1/C(/C(=O)OC([H])([H])[H])=N\OC([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
ZOTBXTZVPHCKPN-HTXNQAPBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H19NO4/c1-13-8-4-7-11-16(13)23-12-14-9-5-6-10-15(14)17(19-22-3)18(20)21-2/h4-11H,12H2,1-3H3/b19-17+
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| Chemical Name |
methyl (2E)-2-methoxyimino-2-[2-[(2-methylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl]acetate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.1913 mL | 15.9566 mL | 31.9132 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6383 mL | 3.1913 mL | 6.3826 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3191 mL | 1.5957 mL | 3.1913 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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