| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glychionide A targets multiple pathways involved in cancer cell survival, including apoptosis and autophagy. It promotes apoptosis and autophagy in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. The compound also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antiviral activities. Its pharmacological effects are attributed to the modulation of oxidative stress pathways and inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. Glychionide A has a molecular formula of C₂₁H₁₈O₁₁ and a molecular weight of 446.36 g/mol.
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| ln Vitro |
Glychionide A (3.12-100 μM) has an IC50 of 14 μM and strongly suppresses the PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells' ability to proliferate[1]. Pancreatic cancer cells undergo both autophagy and apoptosis when exposed to glichionide A (7–28 μM)[1]. The G2/M arrest of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells is brought about by glichionide A (7-28 μM)[1].
In vitro, Glychionide A demonstrates anti-tumor activity against PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, promoting apoptosis and autophagy. It induces cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in PANC-1 cells. The compound exhibits antioxidant activity by modulating oxidative stress pathways. It also shows anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. These in vitro activities support its potential as an anticancer agent. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for Glychionide A is limited in publicly available sources. As a natural flavonoside with anticancer activity in vitro, the compound is expected to have potential applications in animal models of pancreatic cancer and other malignancies. However, specific published in vivo efficacy studies are not widely reported. Glychionide A is primarily used as a research compound for studying apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress pathways.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro apoptosis and autophagy assays for Glychionide A are conducted in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for 24-72 hours. Apoptosis is measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining or by detecting caspase activation. Autophagy is assessed by monitoring LC3-II accumulation and autophagosome formation using Western blotting and fluorescence microscopy. Cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry, and mitochondrial membrane potential is measured using fluorescent dyes.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Glychionide A are conducted in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells and other cancer cell lines. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound. Cell viability and proliferation are measured using standard assays such as MTT or CellTiter-Glo. Apoptosis is assessed by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activity assays. Autophagy is evaluated by LC3-II Western blotting and autophagosome visualization. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by flow cytometry, and mitochondrial membrane potential is measured using JC-1 or similar dyes.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Glychionide A would typically involve xenograft mouse models of pancreatic cancer or other tumors. The compound would be administered via intraperitoneal or oral routes at doses determined by pharmacokinetic studies. Efficacy would be assessed by measuring tumor growth inhibition, with pharmacodynamic markers such as apoptosis and autophagy evaluated in tumor tissues. However, specific published in vivo protocols for Glychionide A are not available in the current literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Glychionide A is not extensively reported in publicly available sources. The compound has a molecular weight of 446.36 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₁H₁₈O₁₁. It has a solubility of 0.94 g/L at 25°C and a melting point of 216-217°C. As a flavonoside, it is expected to have moderate bioavailability. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life and bioavailability are not available in the current literature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Glychionide A is limited in publicly available sources. As with all research compounds, Glychionide A is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. The compound's diverse biological activities suggest a favorable safety profile, but comprehensive toxicology studies have not been reported. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tolerability studies would be required for a complete toxicity assessment.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
It has been reported that licorice contains glycyrrhizin A, and relevant data is available for reference. See also: Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) (partial).
Glychionide A is a flavonoside found in Glycyrrhiza glabra roots that promotes apoptosis and autophagy in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. It exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antiviral activities. The compound induces cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption. Its pharmacological effects are attributed to modulation of oxidative stress pathways and inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators. Glychionide A is a valuable research tool for studying cancer biology, apoptosis, autophagy, and natural product pharmacology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C21H18O11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
446.36
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| Exact Mass |
446.084
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| CAS # |
119152-50-0
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| PubChem CID |
11597485
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.7±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
839.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
216-217 °C
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| Flash Point |
298.2±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.740
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| LogP |
-1.03
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
748
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
MOFOLNOWFPVLGZ-BHWDSYMASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H18O11/c22-9-6-11(8-4-2-1-3-5-8)30-18-13(9)10(23)7-12(14(18)24)31-21-17(27)15(25)16(26)19(32-21)20(28)29/h1-7,15-17,19,21,23-27H,(H,28,29)/t15-,16-,17+,19-,21+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-(5,8-dihydroxy-4-oxo-2-phenylchromen-7-yl)oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2403 mL | 11.2017 mL | 22.4034 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4481 mL | 2.2403 mL | 4.4807 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2240 mL | 1.1202 mL | 2.2403 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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