| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Germanicol targets human colon cancer cells, specifically HCT-116 and HT29 cell lines. The compound induces apoptosis through chromatin condensation and DNA damage, causes cell cycle arrest, and inhibits cell migration. It exhibits selective growth inhibitory effects without targeting normal living cells. Germanicol also demonstrates anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, and may possess antimicrobial properties. Its molecular formula is C₃₀H₅₀O and molecular weight is 426.72 g/mol.
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| ln Vitro |
Germanicol displays a strong, dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HCT-116 and HT29 human colon cancer cells that is selective and potent (0-100 µM; 6 h and 24 h). Germanicol causes dose-dependent cell death in HCT-116 and HT29 [1]. Germanicol (0-100 µM; 48 h) dose-dependently causes apoptosis in HCT-116 colon cancer cells [1]. Germanicol (0-100 µM; 0-48 h) prevents HCT-116 colon cancer cells from migrating [1].
In vitro, Germanicol demonstrates selective growth inhibitory effects in human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HT29. It induces apoptosis through chromatin condensation and DNA damage, causes cell cycle arrest, and inhibits cell migration. The compound does not target normal living cells, indicating selectivity for cancer cells. These in vitro activities support its potential as a selective antineoplastic agent. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo data for Germanicol is limited in publicly available sources. As a selective antineoplastic agent with in vitro activity against colon cancer cells, the compound is expected to have potential applications in animal models of colon cancer. However, specific published in vivo efficacy studies are not widely reported. Germanicol is primarily used as a research compound for studying anticancer mechanisms and natural product pharmacology.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro cytotoxicity assay for Germanicol is conducted in human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HT29. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound for 48-72 hours. Cell viability is measured using standard assays such as MTT or CellTiter-Glo. Apoptosis is assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining, caspase activity assays, and detection of chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis is performed by flow cytometry, and cell migration is assessed using wound healing or transwell assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Viability Assay[1]
Cell Types: Human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 (colon), HT29 (colon) and Human colon fibroblast (CCD-18Co). Tested Concentrations: 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 100 µM. Incubation Duration: 6 h and 24 h. Experimental Results: demonstrated insignificant cytotoxicity below 20 μM and demonstrated potent and dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on both HCT -116 and HT29 colon cancer cells at higher doses over 40 µM. Apoptosis Analysis[1] Cell Types: HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Tested Concentrations: 0, 10, 40 and 100 µM. Incubation Duration: 48 h. Experimental Results: Induced potent and dose-dependent chromatin condensation, accompanied by subsequent DNA damage. Cell Migration Assay [1] Cell Types: HCT-116 colon cancer cells. Tested Concentrations: 0, 10, 40 and 100 µM. Incubation Duration: 0, 12, 24 and 48 h. Experimental Results: diminished cell migration tendency. Cellular assays for Germanicol are conducted in human colon cancer cell lines HCT-116 and HT29. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound. Cell viability and proliferation are measured using standard assays. Apoptosis is assessed by flow cytometry, caspase activity, and DNA fragmentation. Cell cycle distribution is analyzed by flow cytometry. Cell migration is evaluated using wound healing or Boyden chamber assays. Selectivity for cancer cells over normal cells is confirmed by testing in non-malignant cell lines. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Germanicol would typically involve xenograft mouse models of colon cancer. The compound would be administered via intraperitoneal or oral routes at doses determined by pharmacokinetic studies. Efficacy would be assessed by measuring tumor growth inhibition, with pharmacodynamic markers such as apoptosis and cell cycle arrest evaluated in tumor tissues. However, specific published in vivo protocols for Germanicol are not available in the current literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Germanicol is not extensively reported in publicly available sources. The compound has a molecular weight of 426.72 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₃₀H₅₀O. It has a density of 1.014 g/cm³, a boiling point of 490.669°C at 760 mmHg, and a flash point of 217.667°C. As a pentacyclic triterpenoid, it is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability. Detailed PK parameters are not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Germanicol is limited in publicly available sources. The compound does not target normal living cells, suggesting a favorable safety profile. As with all research compounds, Germanicol is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tolerability studies would be required for a complete toxicity assessment.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Germanicol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with the structure oleanane, substituted with a hydroxyl group at the 3β position, and a double bond formed between positions 18 and 19. It is a pentacyclic triterpenoid and also a secondary alcohol. It is derived from the hydride of oleanane. Germanicol has been reported to be found in tea plant (Camellia sinensis), sow thistle (Sonchus asper), and other organisms with relevant data.
Germanicol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohol of the oleanane class, found in various plants including mangroves. It induces selective growth inhibitory effects in human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and HT29 through apoptosis (via chromatin condensation and DNA damage), cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of cell migration. The compound does not target normal living cells. Germanicol also exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. It is a selective antineoplastic agent used in cancer research. |
| Molecular Formula |
C30H50O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
426.72
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| Exact Mass |
426.386
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| CAS # |
465-02-1
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| PubChem CID |
122857
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Vapour Pressure |
1.1E-11mmHg at 25°C
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| LogP |
8.168
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
31
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| Complexity |
790
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
C[C@@]12CC[C@@]3([C@@H](C1=CC(CC2)(C)C)CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)O)C)C)C
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| InChi Key |
QMUXVPRGNJLGRT-PNTWTTAKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C30H50O/c1-25(2)15-16-27(5)17-18-29(7)20(21(27)19-25)9-10-23-28(6)13-12-24(31)26(3,4)22(28)11-14-30(23,29)8/h19-20,22-24,31H,9-18H2,1-8H3/t20-,22+,23-,24+,27-,28+,29-,30-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3S,4aR,6aS,6aR,6bR,8aR,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-octamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3435 mL | 11.7173 mL | 23.4346 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4687 mL | 2.3435 mL | 4.6869 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2343 mL | 1.1717 mL | 2.3435 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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