| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1g |
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| 5g |
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| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Biomarker of tissue injury
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| ln Vitro |
In blood and cells, fibronectin (FN) is a kind of glycoprotein. The primary purpose of fibronectin in the blood is to facilitate wound healing following injury, despite its multitude of other uses [1]. In addition, fibrin, collagen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (also known as glycans) are bound by fibronectin in the extracellular matrix [2].
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
To gain a deeper understanding of the etiology of e-cigarette-related lung injury, we investigated the effects of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (G), two commonly used nicotine/flavoring carriers, on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in female B6C3F1 mice (which have been successfully used in a tobacco smoke (TS)-induced lung cancer model). Mice exposed to air and TS served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we found that, in the absence of nicotine, the use of PG/G alone significantly increased the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG or its tautomer 8-oxodG) in mouse lung tissue and plasma. 8-OHdG is a biomarker of DNA oxidative damage. Furthermore, the addition of nicotine (12 and 24 mg/mL) to e-cigarette liquid appeared to inhibit 8-oxodG levels. Exposure to e-cigarette aerosols or tobacco smoke (TS) caused only a non-significant increase in plasma C-reactive protein (CRP, an inflammatory biomarker); however, fibronectin (FN, a tissue damage biomarker) levels were significantly increased by e-cigarette aerosols or tobacco smoke. Although the data are preliminary, our data showed that exposure to e-cigarette aerosols resulted in higher lung injury scores compared to exposure to control air or tobacco smoke. Our results suggest that the B6C3F1 mouse model may be suitable for further investigation into the effects of e-cigarettes on oxidative stress and inflammation-related lung injury, and this study further confirms that e-cigarette use leads to lung injury. [1]
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| Molecular Weight |
0
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|---|---|
| CAS # |
86088-83-7
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| PubChem CID |
13085557
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
101
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : 8.33 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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