| Size | Price | |
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| 1mg | ||
| 5mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
The oral bioavailability of etidronic acid is 1-10%. Pharmacokinetic data for etidronic acid are not yet available. Absorbed etidronic acid is excreted in the urine, and unabsorbed drug is excreted in the feces. The volume of distribution of etidronic acid is 0.3-1.3 L/kg. The renal clearance of etidronic acid is 0.09 L/kg/h. The distribution of technetium-99M HEDP in normal human organs has been determined. The bone-binding agent (99M)TC-SN-1-hydroxyethylmethylene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid unexpectedly binds to human articular cartilage and cortical bone particles in vitro. In addition to the simple ionic attraction between the HEDP phosphonate group and metal cations (e.g., Ca2+), other mechanisms lead to the absorption of (99M)TC-HEDP by body tissues. Characteristics of (99)TC-hydroxyethyl bisphosphonate (TC-HEDP) binding to human serum albumin showed an affinity constant of 7.8 × 10⁺⁴. A single slope was obtained. Metabolism/Metabolites Etidronate is not metabolized in vivo. Non-metabolized. Elimination pathway: Etidronate disodium is not metabolized. Approximately half of the absorbed dose is excreted in the urine within 24 hours; the remainder is distributed to the bones and is slowly eliminated. Unabsorbed drug is excreted intact in the feces. Half-life: Based on a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic model, the half-life of etidronate in the plasma of normal subjects is 1 to 6 hours. Biological half-life The half-life of etidronate sodium is approximately 1–6 hours. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Bisphosphonates bind to bone tissue and are absorbed by osteoclasts (bone cells that break down bone tissue). While the mechanism of action of non-nitrogen bisphosphonates is not fully elucidated, existing data suggest that they bind strongly to hydroxyapatite crystals in the bone matrix, particularly in areas of high bone turnover, and inhibit crystal formation and dissolution. Other effects may include direct inhibition of mature osteoclast function, promotion of osteoclast apoptosis, and interference with osteoblast-mediated osteoclast activation. Etidronate does not interfere with bone mineralization. In malignant tumor-associated hypercalcemia, etidronate reduces serum calcium levels by inhibiting tumor-induced bone resorption and reducing calcium inflow from resorbed bone tissue into the bloodstream. Etidronate can also reduce the incidence of osteolytic bone metastases by inhibiting tumor-induced bone resorption. Etidronate may promote osteoclast apoptosis by competing with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular energy metabolism. Osteoclasts initiate apoptosis and die, leading to a reduction in overall bone breakdown. Use during pregnancy and lactation ◉ Overview of use during lactation Since there is currently no information regarding the use of etidronic acid during lactation, alternative medications are recommended, especially for breastfed newborns or premature infants. However, breastfed infants are unlikely to absorb etidronic acid. ◉ Effects on breastfed infants As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found. ◉ Effects on lactation and breast milk As of the revision date, no relevant published information was found. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Therapeutic Uses
Chelating Agent Experimental Uses: 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-bisphosphonic acid, dichloromethane bisphosphonic acid, or their salts or esters can reduce the incidence of bone tumor cell metastasis in humans. When labeled with (99M) technetium, it can be used as a bone scanning agent. Chelating agent; calcium regulator in human medicine Drug (Veterinary): 1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-bisphosphonic acid, dichloromethane bisphosphonic acid, or their salts or esters can reduce the incidence of bone tumor cell metastasis in animals. Pharmacodynamics Etidromic acid is a first-generation bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast activity, thereby preventing bone resorption. Because overdose does not cause serious toxicity and the drug is slowly released from bone, it has a wide therapeutic index and a long duration of action. Patients should be informed of the risk of upper gastrointestinal adverse reactions. |
| Molecular Formula |
C2H3D3NA2O7P2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
253.01
|
| Exact Mass |
208.993
|
| CAS # |
358730-93-5
|
| Related CAS # |
Etidronic acid disodium;7414-83-7
|
| PubChem CID |
3305
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
2.1±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
578.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
198-199
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| Flash Point |
303.8±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.6 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.586
|
| LogP |
-3.54
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
11
|
| Complexity |
211
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
[2H]C([2H])([2H])C(O)(P(=O)(O)O)P(=O)(O)O
|
| InChi Key |
DBVJJBKOTRCVKF-FIBGUPNXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C2H8O7P2/c1-2(3,10(4,5)6)11(7,8)9/h3H,1H3,(H2,4,5,6)(H2,7,8,9)/i1D3
|
| Chemical Name |
(2,2,2-trideuterio-1-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9524 mL | 19.7621 mL | 39.5241 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7905 mL | 3.9524 mL | 7.9048 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3952 mL | 1.9762 mL | 3.9524 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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