| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Amiprofos methyl targets microtubules, the filamentous structures composed of tubulin that are essential for cell division, intracellular transport, and cell shape maintenance. The compound inhibits microtubule polymerization, preventing the formation of the mitotic spindle and arresting cell division. Amiprofos methyl specifically disrupts microtubule dynamics in plant cells, making it a valuable tool for studying plant cell division and cytoskeletal function. The compound's mechanism of action involves binding to tubulin, the building block of microtubules, and preventing its assembly into microtubules. The compound's specificity for plant cells makes it useful for agricultural applications without affecting animal cells.
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| ln Vitro |
Amiprofos methyl (APM) has a Ki=5 μM and competitively inhibits the binding of [14C]oryzalin to tubulin. The concentrations of APM that inhibited the growth of tobacco cells were within the range of APM concentrations that depolymerized cellular microtubules, meaning that the inhibition of growth was due to microtubule depolymerization[2].
In vitro, amiprofos methyl has been shown to inhibit microtubule polymerization in plant cell extracts and purified tubulin preparations. The compound disrupts microtubule dynamics in a concentration-dependent manner, with complete inhibition of polymerization at concentrations of 10-100 μM. Amiprofos methyl is used in plant cell biology research to study the role of microtubules in various cellular processes, including cell division, cell elongation, and cell wall deposition. The compound's effects on plant cells include mitotic arrest, inhibition of cell plate formation, and disruption of cell polarity. Amiprofos methyl is a specific and potent antimicrotubule agent. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, amiprofos methyl is used as a herbicide for selective weed control, particularly in rice cultivation. The compound is applied to crops to control grass and broadleaf weeds by inhibiting their growth and development. Amiprofos methyl's herbicidal activity is due to its ability to disrupt microtubule dynamics in plant cells, leading to mitotic arrest and cell death. The compound is effective at low concentrations and is selective for weeds over crop plants, making it a valuable tool in agriculture. In research, amiprofos methyl is used to study plant cell division and the effects of microtubule disruption on plant development.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for amiprofos methyl typically involve assessing its effects on microtubule polymerization. The assay uses purified tubulin protein (typically from plant sources) and measures the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules in the presence of varying concentrations of amiprofos methyl. Tubulin polymerization is monitored spectrophotometrically by following the increase in absorbance at 350 nm, which corresponds to microtubule formation. The IC50 for inhibition of microtubule polymerization is determined. The compound's effects on existing microtubules are assessed by measuring the depolymerization of pre-formed microtubules. The assay includes positive controls (known microtubule inhibitors such as colchicine) and negative controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for amiprofos methyl are performed using plant cells or cultured plant tissues to assess its effects on microtubule dynamics and cell division. Plant cells (e.g., tobacco BY-2 cells, Arabidopsis suspension cells) are treated with amiprofos methyl at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 μM. The effects on the microtubule cytoskeleton are visualized by immunofluorescence staining using anti-tubulin antibodies or by using transgenic plants expressing fluorescently labeled tubulin (e.g., GFP-tubulin). The mitotic index is assessed by counting cells in mitosis. Cell viability is assessed using vital dyes or by measuring cell growth. The compound's effects on cell division and cytoskeletal organization are quantified by microscopy.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not applicable for amiprofos methyl, as the compound is a herbicide that specifically targets plant cells and does not affect animal cells. However, the compound's herbicidal activity is studied in greenhouse and field trials to assess its efficacy for weed control. The compound is applied to crops, and its effects on weed growth and crop yield are assessed. The compound's selectivity, persistence, and environmental fate are evaluated in these studies. The compound's effects on non-target organisms are also assessed to ensure environmental safety.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of amiprofos methyl are not relevant for its use as a herbicide, as the compound is applied to plants rather than animals. The compound's uptake, translocation, and metabolism in plants are important for its herbicidal activity. Amiprofos methyl is absorbed by plant tissues and translocated to growing points, where it exerts its effects on microtubule dynamics. The compound is metabolized in plants and degraded in the environment. For research use, amiprofos methyl is typically dissolved in organic solvents (e.g., DMSO, acetone) and diluted in aqueous solutions for plant applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Amiprofos methyl is a herbicide that has been evaluated for its toxicological effects on non-target organisms, including mammals. The compound is of low toxicity to mammals, consistent with its specificity for plant microtubules. In acute toxicity studies, amiprofos methyl has an LD50 of >500 mg/kg in rats, indicating low oral toxicity. The compound is not considered a carcinogen or mutagen. However, as a chemical, standard safety precautions should be followed when handling amiprofos methyl. The compound may cause skin and eye irritation, and appropriate personal protective equipment should be used. The compound is for research use only and not for human or veterinary applications.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Amiprofos methyl is a herbicide that belongs to the phosphoric amide class. The compound's ability to selectively inhibit microtubule polymerization in plant cells without affecting animal cells makes it a valuable tool for both agricultural and research applications. In agriculture, amiprofos methyl is used for weed control in rice and other crops. In research, the compound is used as a chemical probe to study microtubule dynamics, cell division, and plant development. The compound's specificity for plant microtubules has made it a key tool in plant cell biology research, enabling the study of cytoskeletal function and mitotic regulation. Amiprofos methyl is available from chemical suppliers for research purposes.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H17N2O4PS
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
304.30
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| Exact Mass |
304.065
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| CAS # |
36001-88-4
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| PubChem CID |
100524
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.275g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
389.9ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-65ºC
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| Flash Point |
189.6ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.553
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| LogP |
4.715
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
361
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
VHEWQRWLIDWRMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H17N2O4PS/c1-8(2)12-18(19,16-4)17-11-6-5-9(3)7-10(11)13(14)15/h5-8H,1-4H3,(H,12,19)
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| Chemical Name |
N-[methoxy-(4-methyl-2-nitrophenoxy)phosphinothioyl]propan-2-amine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : 160 mg/mL (525.80 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2862 mL | 16.4312 mL | 32.8623 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6572 mL | 3.2862 mL | 6.5725 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3286 mL | 1.6431 mL | 3.2862 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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