| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH targets the chemokine receptor CXCR2. CXCR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates the recruitment of neutrophils and other immune cells to sites of inflammation. As an agonist of CXCR2, Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH modulates immune responses. It has bactericidal activity and inhibits lung inflammation, reducing immune cell apoptosis.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH acts as a CXCR2 agonist. It has bactericidal activity and inhibits inflammatory factors, reducing immune cell apoptosis. Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH enhances the production of type 1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) but inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH has potential for treating sepsis and lung inflammation. It has bactericidal activity and inhibits lung inflammation, reducing immune cell apoptosis. However, specific published in vivo efficacy studies are not detailed in the current literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro CXCR2 binding assay for Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH uses cells expressing CXCR2 and labeled ligands. Binding affinity is measured by quantifying the displacement of the labeled ligand. IC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA or Luminex. Bactericidal activity is assessed using standard broth microdilution methods.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH are conducted in immune cells. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA or qPCR. Cell viability and apoptosis are assessed by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining. Immune cell migration is assessed using transwell assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH would typically involve animal models of sepsis or lung inflammation. The compound would be administered via intraperitoneal or intravenous routes. Efficacy would be assessed by measuring inflammatory markers, bacterial clearance, and survival. However, specific published in vivo protocols for Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH are not available in the current literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH is not extensively reported. The compound has a molecular weight of 311.33 g/mol and a molecular formula of C14H21N3O5. It has a CAS number of 292171-04-1. As a peptide, it is expected to have limited oral bioavailability. Detailed PK parameters such as half-life and bioavailability are not available.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity data for Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH is limited. As an endogenous peptide, it is expected to have a favorable safety profile. However, as with all research compounds, Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic applications. Standard in vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tolerability studies would be required for a complete toxicity assessment.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH (Ac-PGP; CAS 292171-04-1) is an acetyl-modified tripeptide that acts as a CXCR2 agonist. It has bactericidal and anti-inflammatory activities and enhances type 1 cytokine production. It has a molecular formula of C14H21N3O5 and a molecular weight of 311.33 g/mol. Ac-Pro-Gly-Pro-OH is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H21N3O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
311.33
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| Exact Mass |
311.148
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| CAS # |
292171-04-1
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| PubChem CID |
46182782
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
-0.8
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
493
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
O=C([C@]1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C(C([H])([H])[H])=O)N([H])C([H])([H])C(N1C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]1([H])C(=O)O[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
GSBMVIVQPLOJGL-QWRGUYRKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H21N3O5/c1-9(18)16-6-2-4-10(16)13(20)15-8-12(19)17-7-3-5-11(17)14(21)22/h10-11H,2-8H2,1H3,(H,15,20)(H,21,22)/t10-,11-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-1-[2-[[(2S)-1-acetylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2120 mL | 16.0601 mL | 32.1203 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6424 mL | 3.2120 mL | 6.4241 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3212 mL | 1.6060 mL | 3.2120 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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