| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
4'-Hydroxydiclofenac is an active CYP2C9-mediated metabolite of diclofenac which is potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and a Cox-2 inhibitor. 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac has exhibited anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities.
| ln Vivo |
The half-life (t1/2) of the unmodified medication in humanized mice administered a single dose was 2.4 hours, declining after it peaked at 0.25 hours. Additionally, 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac peaked in 0.25 hours and remained undetectable for a whole day. Concentrations of unaltered 4'-hydroxydiclofenac peaked at 0.25 hours and rapidly dropped in humanized chimeric mice given 10 mg/kg; single lateral dosage [2].
Following oral administration of synthetic 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac (10 mg/kg) to TK-NOG chimeric mice with humanized livers, the plasma concentration of unchanged 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac peaked at 0.25 hour and declined rapidly. The metabolic product, 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxydiclofenac (VI), exhibited a plasma profile similar to that obtained after administration of diclofenac. Unexpectedly, plasma profile of VI was also detectable in the control TK-NOG mouse, although levels were relatively low and the AUC value was 7% of that in humanized chimeric mice. [2] - Following oral administration of synthetic 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac (10 mg/kg) to a humanized chimeric mouse, a single peak at m/z 583 (corresponding to glutathione conjugate M4 or M5) was detected in the bile, and collision-induced dissociation produced product ions at m/z 508 ([MH-75]+), m/z 454 ([MH-129]+), and m/z 436 ([MH-147]+). This conjugate was considered to be M5 based on the chemical structure of 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac. The same peak was unexpectedly found in the bile sample from a control TK-NOG mouse dosed with 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac, although it was much smaller than that in the humanized chimeric mouse. [2] - Following oral administration of synthetic 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac to control TK-NOG and humanized chimeric mice, a single peak at a retention time of 22 minutes (m/z 617, corresponding to glutathione conjugate M1/M2/M3) was observed in the bile samples from both animals. When mixed with bile from a humanized mouse treated with diclofenac, this single peak coeluted with the second peak (M2) of the latter sample. Therefore, this single peak was considered as M2, as the 5-hydroxy analogs M1 and M3 could not be generated from 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac. [2] |
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| Animal Protocol |
Study of 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac metabolism to VI: Synthetic 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac (10 mg/kg as free form) was orally administered to control TK-NOG mice and TK-NOG chimeric mice with humanized livers. Blood samples were collected for analyses at 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after administration. Food and water were given ad libitum during the drug treatment. [2]
- Study of biliary glutathione conjugates derived from 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac: A control TK-NOG mouse and a humanized chimeric mouse, in which a polyethylene tube was cannulated into the bile duct, received synthetic 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac (10 mg/kg as free form). Bile samples were collected for 0-24 hours on dry ice. [2] |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Known human metabolites of 4'-hydroxydiclofenac include (2S,3S,4S,5R)-6-[4-[2-(carboxymethyl)anilino]-3,5-dichlorophenoxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxacyclohexane-2-carboxylic acid and 2-[2-(2,6-dichloro-4-sulfonoxyanilino)phenyl]acetic acid. 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac is the known human metabolite of diclofenac. In healthy volunteers (CYP2C91/1 and CYP2C91/3 genotypes) after a single oral 50 mg dose of diclofenac, the mean area under the serum concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 hours [AUC(0-12)] for 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac was 1.5 ± 0.5 μg h/ml in CYP2C91/1 subjects (n=6) and 0.9 ± 0.3 μg h/ml in CYP2C91/3 subjects (n=6). The mean half-life (t1/2) for 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac was 2.9 ± 0.6 hours in CYP2C91/1 subjects and 3.1 ± 1.8 hours in CYP2C91/3 subjects. The formation clearance (CLform) to 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac was 63.6 ± 19.1 ml/kg/h in CYP2C91/1 subjects and 75.9 ± 27.6 ml/kg/h in CYP2C91/3 subjects. [1] - In humanized TK-NOG chimeric mice after oral administration of diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), plasma concentrations of 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac (II) were 3-4 times higher than those in control TK-NOG mice and declined with a half-life (t1/2) of 5.6 hours. [2] - After oral administration of synthetic 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac (10 mg/kg) to a TK-NOG chimeric mouse with humanized liver, the plasma concentration of unchanged 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac peaked at 0.25 hour and declined rapidly. The metabolic product, 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxydiclofenac (VI), exhibited a plasma profile similar to that obtained after administration of diclofenac. [2] |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
4'-Hydroxydiclofenac is a monocarboxylic acid, a 4'-hydroxylated metabolite of diclofenac. It is both a drug metabolite and an allergen. It is a monocarboxylic acid, dichlorobenzene, secondary amine compound, and also belongs to the phenolic class of compounds. Its function is related to that of diclofenac.
4'-Hydroxydiclofenac is the major metabolite of diclofenac formed by hydroxylation at the 4'-position, a reaction catalysed predominantly by cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). [1][2] - 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac has been used as a marker of human CYP2C9 activity in humanized animal models. [2] - 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac (II) is an intermediate in the formation of the human-specific metabolite 3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxydiclofenac (VI). Studies with administration of II suggested VI is generated via II as an intermediate. [2] - The amount of 4'-hydroxydiclofenac excreted in the urine of patients receiving 150 mg diclofenac was threefold greater than that of 5-hydroxydiclofenac. [1] - 4'-Hydroxydiclofenac showed about 300 times less activity than the parent compound diclofenac in inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in vitro, and the anti-inflammatory effects in vivo were very weak. [2] |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H11CL2NO3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
312.15
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| Exact Mass |
311.011
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| CAS # |
64118-84-9
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| Related CAS # |
4'-Hydroxy diclofenac-d4;254762-27-1;4'-Hydroxy diclofenac-13C6;1189656-64-1
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| PubChem CID |
116545
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
432.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
178-185ºC dec.
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| Flash Point |
215.5±28.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.690
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| LogP |
4.56
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
330
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CC(=O)O)NC2=C(C=C(C=C2Cl)O)Cl
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| InChi Key |
KGVXVPRLBMWZLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H11Cl2NO3/c15-10-6-9(18)7-11(16)14(10)17-12-4-2-1-3-8(12)5-13(19)20/h1-4,6-7,17-18H,5H2,(H,19,20)
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| Chemical Name |
2-[2-(2,6-dichloro-4-hydroxyanilino)phenyl]acetic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~32.04 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2036 mL | 16.0179 mL | 32.0359 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6407 mL | 3.2036 mL | 6.4072 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3204 mL | 1.6018 mL | 3.2036 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT02171507 | COMPLETED | Drug: Dabigatran etexilate Drug: Diclofenac |
Healthy | Boehringer Ingelheim | 2006-05 | Phase 1 |
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