PIM1, PIM2, PIM3 kinases

The kinase selectivity of PIM447 is first determined in biochemical assays for a panel of 68 diverse protein kinases that included PIM2 as well as 9 lipid kinases. In this panel, only PIM2 is significantly inhibited by PIM447 with an IC50 of<0.003 1= 5= the= lowest= sensitivity= range= for= assay.= pim447= also= inhibits= and= but= at= a= significantly= lower= potency= with= ic50= between= m=>105-fold differential relative to the Ki on PIMs). The biochemical IC50 for all other kinases tested in this panel is >9 μM. In follow-up cellular assays of GSK3β inhibition, PIM447 is tested up to 20 μM and is not active. PIM447 is cytotoxic for myeloma cells due to cell-cycle disruption and induction of apoptosis mediated by a decrease in phospho-Bad (Ser112) and c-Myc levels and the inhibition of mTORC1 pathway. PIM447 also inhibits in vitro osteoclast formation and resorption, downregulates key molecules involved in these processes, and partially disrupts the F-actin ring, while increasing osteoblast activity and mineralization.
Kinase Assay: PIM447 (also known as LGH447) is a novel and potent pan-PIM (proviral insertion site of Moloney murine leukemia) kinase inhibitor with Ki values of 6 pM, 18 pM, 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, PIM3 respectively. It also inhibits GSK3β, PKN1, and PKCτ, but at a significantly lower potency with IC50 between 1 and 5 μM (>105-fold differential relative to the Ki on PIMs).
Cell Assay: PIM447 is cytotoxic for myeloma cells due to cell cycle disruption and induction of apoptosis mediated by a decrease in phospho-Bad (Ser112) and c-Myc levels and the inhibition of mTORC1 pathway. Following treatment of KG-1 cells with PIM447 for 2 h at the indicated concentrations, cells are lysed in RIPA buffer. Protein concentration is determined using a BCA assay, and 50 μg of lysate is separated by SDS-PAGE using 10% bis-Tris gels. Proteins are transferred onto 0.2 μm nitrocellulose membrane, and pS6RP/total S6RP are detected. Following incubation with secondary antibodies, antibody binding is detected using ECL Advance.

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This stereoisomer of PIM447 dihydrochloride retains potent pan-PIM kinase inhibitory activity against PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 with Ki values of 6 pM, 18 pM, and 9 pM for PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3, respectively. The specific stereochemistry may influence binding affinity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties compared to other stereoisomers. In cellular assays, the compound inhibits PIM-mediated phosphorylation of downstream substrates including BAD and 4E-BP1, and suppresses proliferation of PIM-dependent cancer cell lines.

Low to moderate in vivo CL is observed for PIM447 across species, as CL values of 20, 28, and 8 mL/min/kg are observed in mouse, rat, and dog, respectively. The volume of distribution is consistently large across species, with Vss of 5.3, 6.4, and 3.6 L/kg observed in mouse, rat, and dog, respectively. Additionally, PIM447 exhibits high oral bioavailability across species, as 84%, 70%, and 71% is observed in mouse, rat, and dog, respectively. The stability of PIM447 in human plasma is high, >90% after a 3 h incubation, and the human plasma protein binding of PIM447 is 95%. With the combination of potent in vitro activity and low to moderate CL, PIM447 demonstrates in vivo target modulation (pS6RP), single agent antitumor activity in a KG-1 AML mouse xenograft model, and druglike properties suitable for development. PIM447 significantly reduces the tumor burden and prevents tumor-associated bone loss in a disseminated murine model of human myeloma.

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In vivo efficacy of this stereoisomer is expected to be similar to other active forms of PIM447, demonstrating anti-tumor activity in xenograft models following oral administration. The specific stereoisomer may exhibit distinct pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that could influence its therapeutic profile. Biomarker analyses confirm target engagement through inhibition of PIM kinase signaling.

Kinase assays measure inhibition of PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 enzymatic activity using recombinant enzymes and appropriate substrates. IC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. Binding affinity and kinetics may be assessed using surface plasmon resonance or isothermal titration calorimetry to evaluate the impact of stereochemistry on target engagement.

Cellular potency is evaluated in cancer cell lines by measuring PIM kinase substrate phosphorylation using Western blot. Cell proliferation is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays. Apoptosis induction is measured by flow cytometry. The specific stereoisomer may show differences in cellular potency or selectivity compared to other stereoisomers.

50 mM acetate buffer, pH 4; 30 or 100 mg/kg; p.o.
KG-1 AML xenograft mouse model

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In vivo efficacy is evaluated in mouse xenograft models of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The compound is administered orally at various doses. Tumor growth inhibition is measured. Pharmacodynamic markers and pharmacokinetic parameters are assessed to characterize the stereoisomer-specific profile.

The specific stereoisomer may exhibit distinct pharmacokinetic properties compared to other stereoisomers or the racemic mixture. Studies on stereospecific pharmacokinetics evaluate differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion that could influence therapeutic efficacy and safety.

Toxicology data for this specific stereoisomer are derived from studies of PIM447 and its various forms. The compound is generally well-tolerated at studied doses. Standard safety monitoring applies. Comprehensive toxicology assessments may vary depending on the specific stereoisomer and development stage.

J Med Chem.2015 Nov 12;58(21):8373-86;Clin Cancer Res.2017 Jan 1;23(1):225-238.

(1S,3R,5R)-PIM447 dihydrochloride represents a specific stereoisomer of the pan-PIM inhibitor, which may be used for studying stereochemistry-activity relationships and optimizing therapeutic properties. The compound is valuable for understanding how stereochemical configuration influences PIM kinase inhibition and pharmacological profile in drug development.

C₂₇H₂₉CL₂N₇O₂S

586.54

White to off-white solid powder

O=C(NCC1=CC=C(S(C2=CC(F)=CC(F)=C2)(=O)=O)C=C1)C3=CN4C(C=C3)=NC=C4.Cl

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)