| Size | Price | |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DNA/RNA synthesis
The primary targets of 1,4-Anthraquinone are not well-defined for the parent compound, but anthraquinones are known to interact with DNA, topoisomerases, and various enzymes. They can intercalate into DNA and inhibit topoisomerase II, leading to anticancer effects. The compound may also generate reactive oxygen species, contributing to its cytotoxic activity. |
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In L1210 cells, 1,4-anachraquinone (2.62 nM-1.6 μM; 4 days) causes notable cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects after 4 days at 6.55 nM; it also decreases cell viability with IC50s of 100 nM at day 2 and 25 nM at day 4[1]. After the medication is removed, 1,4-Anthraquinone (40.96 nM-25 μM; 30 min; L1210 cells) irreversibly suppresses DNA synthesis by 84 and 96% and nucleoside transport by 71 and 92% at 4 and 10 μM, respectively[1]. The rates of RNA and protein syntheses (IC50 = 2 μM) are dose-dependently inhibited by 1,4-aminoquinone (0.1024-25 μM; 3 h)[1].
In vitro, 1,4-Anthraquinone has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain cancer cell lines, such as leukemia and breast cancer cells, with IC50 values in the micromolar range. It also exhibits antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The compound is used as a starting material for the synthesis of more complex anthraquinone derivatives with enhanced biological activities. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, 1,4-Anthraquinone has been studied in animal models for its anticancer activity, showing some efficacy in reducing tumor growth. However, its toxicity profile limits its direct use. Detailed pharmacokinetic studies are lacking, and the compound is primarily used as a synthetic intermediate.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for 1,4-Anthraquinone typically involve topoisomerase II inhibition assays, where the compound is incubated with the enzyme and DNA, and the relaxation of supercoiled DNA is measured. DNA intercalation is assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy. The compound is tested at concentrations of 1-100 µM.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell Proliferation Assay[1]
Cell Types: L1210 cells Tested Concentrations: 2.62 nM-1.6 μM Incubation Duration: 4 days Experimental Results: Induced significant antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects after 4 days at 6.55 nM. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Types: L1210 cells Tested Concentrations: 2.62 nM-1.6 μM Incubation Duration: 4 days Experimental Results: Inhibited cell viability with IC50s of 100 nM at day 2 and 25 nM at day 4. In vitro cellular assays for 1,4-Anthraquinone involve testing its cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. Cells are treated with serial dilutions of the compound (0.1-100 µM) for 48-72 hours, and cell viability is assessed using MTT or SRB assays. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis are also performed. The compound shows concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects. |
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for 1,4-Anthraquinone are limited. Some studies have used xenograft models in mice to evaluate its antitumor activity, with administration via intraperitoneal or oral routes at doses of 10-50 mg/kg. Tumor growth inhibition and toxicity are monitored.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
1,4-Anthraquinone has a molecular formula of C14H8O2 and a molecular weight of 208.21. It appears as a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 186-188°C. It is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and benzene, but insoluble in water. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place, protected from light. It is intended for research use only and is not for human consumption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of 1,4-Anthraquinone includes potential irritation and toxicity. It is a suspected mutagen and should be handled with care. Standard safety precautions should be followed. It is not approved for clinical use.
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| References |
[1]. Perchellet EM, et al. 1,4-Anthraquinone: an anticancer drug that blocks nucleoside transport, inhibits macromolecule synthesis, induces DNA fragmentation, and decreases the growth and viability of L1210 leukemic cells in the same nanomolar range as daunorubicin in vitro. Anticancer Drugs. 2000 Jun;11(5):339-52.
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| Additional Infomation |
1,4-Anthraquinone (CAS 635-12-1) is an organic compound belonging to the anthraquinone class. It has a molecular formula of C14H8O2 and a molecular weight of 208.21. It is used as a dye intermediate and a precursor for the synthesis of various anthraquinone derivatives. It has been studied for its anticancer and antimicrobial activities. It is intended for research use only and is not approved for clinical use.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C14H8O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
208.21
|
| Exact Mass |
208.052
|
| CAS # |
635-12-1
|
| PubChem CID |
69457
|
| Appearance |
Solid powder
|
| Density |
1.328 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
406ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
217°C
|
| Flash Point |
152ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.702
|
| LogP |
2.775
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
16
|
| Complexity |
322
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
LSOTZYUVGZKSHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H8O2/c15-13-5-6-14(16)12-8-10-4-2-1-3-9(10)7-11(12)13/h1-8H
|
| Chemical Name |
anthracene-1,4-dione
|
| Synonyms |
1,4-Anthraquinone
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.8028 mL | 24.0142 mL | 48.0284 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9606 mL | 4.8028 mL | 9.6057 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4803 mL | 2.4014 mL | 4.8028 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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