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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a protected amino acid derivative, Z-Glu-OtBu does not have a specific biological target. Its primary utility is as a chemical building block in organic synthesis, particularly in peptide chemistry. The compound serves as a protected glutamic acid unit that can be incorporated into peptide chains while preventing unwanted reactions at the amino and α-carboxyl groups. Glutamic acid is a key neurotransmitter, but in its protected form, the compound is not designed to interact with biological receptors. Its value lies in its chemical properties as a synthetic intermediate.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
Z-Glu-OtBu does not exhibit pharmacological activity in vitro. As a protected amino acid ester, it is a synthetic intermediate rather than a bioactive compound. In vitro studies using this compound focus on its chemical reactivity in peptide bond formation reactions. The compound may be used as a substrate in enzymatic assays to study esterase activity, as the tert-butyl ester can be cleaved by certain hydrolases. However, these are analytical applications. Its role in research is almost exclusively as a reagent for organic synthesis. |
| ln Vivo |
Z-Glu-OtBu is not a pharmacologically active compound and therefore does not have defined in vivo activity as a drug. When administered to animals, the compound would likely be metabolized to release glutamic acid. However, the compound is not used therapeutically, and its in vivo effects would be limited to those of the released glutamic acid. Its primary value remains in synthetic chemistry, where it serves as a building block for the preparation of peptides and pharmaceutical intermediates.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Z-Glu-OtBu are designed to study esterase activity. A standard protocol involves incubating the compound with an enzyme preparation in a suitable buffer at physiological pH and temperature. The hydrolysis of the tert-butyl ester releases glutamic acid and tert-butanol, which can be quantified by HPLC, GC, or mass spectrometry. Alternatively, the decrease in substrate concentration can be monitored. These assays are used to characterize the substrate specificity of esterases, to screen for enzyme inhibitors, or to evaluate the stability of tert-butyl ester protecting groups in biological matrices.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays using Z-Glu-OtBu are limited due to the compound's role as a synthetic intermediate. However, it can be used in cell culture studies to investigate the intracellular delivery of glutamic acid via ester hydrolysis. Cells are cultured in media supplemented with the compound, and cellular uptake, ester hydrolysis, and glutamic acid release are monitored. The effects of increased intracellular glutamic acid on cellular metabolism can be assessed in cell lines such as hepatocytes or neurons, with endpoints measured using biochemical assays or mass spectrometry.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Z-Glu-OtBu are not typically conducted, as the compound is a synthetic intermediate rather than a pharmacologically active agent. If used in vivo, the compound would be administered to animals to study the metabolism of protected amino acid derivatives. However, such studies are rare, and the compound is generally used exclusively in synthetic chemistry applications as a building block for the preparation of peptides.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Z-Glu-OtBu is not a drug candidate, and pharmacokinetic data are not available. As a protected amino acid derivative, it is designed for chemical synthesis rather than systemic administration. If administered in vivo, the compound would likely be hydrolyzed by esterases to release glutamic acid and tert-butanol. The tert-butyl ester may enhance lipophilicity compared to free glutamic acid. The compound's pharmacokinetic properties have not been characterized, and its use is confined to in vitro synthetic applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The compound is generally considered to have low toxicity, consistent with its use as a chemical reagent. The compound should be stored at -20°C for long-term stability. Standard laboratory safety precautions are recommended. It is not classified as a highly toxic substance, but appropriate safety measures should be followed.
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| References |
[1]. Luckose F, et al. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1793-1144.
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| Additional Infomation |
Z-Glu-OtBu (N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-L-glutamic acid tert-butyl ester, CAS 5891-45-2) is a protected amino acid derivative used as a building block in peptide synthesis. Its chemical formula is C17H23NO6 and molecular weight is 337.37. The compound features a Z-protected amino group and a tert-butyl ester on the α-carboxyl group. It is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic applications.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H23NO6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
337.3676
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| Exact Mass |
337.152
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| CAS # |
5891-45-2
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| PubChem CID |
6994036
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
522.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
83 °C
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| Flash Point |
269.9±30.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.524
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| LogP |
3.43
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
437
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
O(C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H])N([H])C(=O)OC([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C=1[H])=O)C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
VJECGKAFPHEJQS-ZDUSSCGKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H23NO6/c1-17(2,3)24-15(21)13(9-10-14(19)20)18-16(22)23-11-12-7-5-4-6-8-12/h4-8,13H,9-11H2,1-3H3,(H,18,22)(H,19,20)/t13-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S)-5-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-5-oxo-4-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)pentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9641 mL | 14.8205 mL | 29.6410 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5928 mL | 2.9641 mL | 5.9282 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2964 mL | 1.4821 mL | 2.9641 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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