| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may affect a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [75].
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|---|---|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Xanthine is readily converted into uric acid. Xanthine oxidase can convert xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid, while xanthine and hypoxanthine are generated from other purines. In humans and higher primates, uric acid is the final oxidation (decomposition) product of purine metabolism and is excreted in urine. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
Xanthine is a poorly soluble compound. Therefore, excessively high concentrations of xanthine in serum can lead to the formation of kidney stones (xanthine nephropathy), and in the long term, may result in kidney failure. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
9H-xanthine is an oxopurine with oxo groups at positions 2 and 6 of the purine ring and protonation at positions N-9. It is a metabolite of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a tautomer of 7H-xanthine. Xanthine is a purine base found in most human tissues and fluids, some plants, and some urinary tract stones. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, produced by the oxidation of hypoxanthine. Methylated xanthine compounds, such as caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives, are used medically for their bronchodilatory effects. (Dorland, 28th edition) Xanthine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). Xanthine has been reported in Eleutherococcus senticosus, fruit flies, and other organisms with relevant data. Xanthine is a purine base found in most human tissues and fluids, some plants, and some urinary tract stones. It is an intermediate product of the degradation of adenosine monophosphate into uric acid, produced by the oxidation of hypoxanthine. Methylated xanthine compounds, such as caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline, and their derivatives, are used in medicine for their bronchodilatory effects. (Dorland, 28th edition)
Xanthine is a metabolite of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, present within or produced by it. It is a purine base found in most human tissues and fluids, some plants, and some urinary tract stones. It is an intermediate product of the degradation of adenosine monophosphate into uric acid, produced by the oxidation of hypoxanthine. Methylated xanthine compounds, such as caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline, and their derivatives, are used in medicine for their bronchodilatory effects. (Dorland, 28th edition) |
| Molecular Formula |
C5H4N4O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
152.110859870911
|
| Exact Mass |
155.03
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| CAS # |
1262670-81-4
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| Related CAS # |
Xanthine;69-89-6
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| PubChem CID |
1188
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
> 300 °C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.636
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| LogP |
-0.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
217
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
LRFVTYWOQMYALW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C5H4N4O2/c10-4-2-3(7-1-6-2)8-5(11)9-4/h1H,(H3,6,7,8,9,10,11)
|
| Chemical Name |
3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.5742 mL | 32.8709 mL | 65.7419 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3148 mL | 6.5742 mL | 13.1484 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6574 mL | 3.2871 mL | 6.5742 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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