| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| 25mg |
|
||
| 50mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
β1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1). Xamoterol is a selective partial agonist of the β1-adrenoceptor. It stimulates β1-adrenergic receptors in the heart, leading to an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in heart rate. Its partial agonist activity means it produces a submaximal response even at full receptor occupancy, which may be beneficial in conditions where full agonism is undesirable.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Xamoterol demonstrates potent and selective β1-adrenoceptor agonist activity with pA2 values of 7.4-7.8 for β1 and 5.2-6.2 for β2. The compound stimulates β1-adrenergic receptors, leading to increased contractility in cardiac tissue preparations. Its partial agonist activity results in a ceiling effect on cAMP production and downstream signaling.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Xamoterol has been shown to improve systolic and diastolic function in patients with heart failure. The compound increases cardiac output while decreasing heart rate, effects that are beneficial in the management of heart failure. Its partial agonist activity provides inotropic support without the excessive stimulation associated with full agonists. Xamoterol has been studied in clinical settings for its potential in treating heart failure and arrhythmias.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free receptor binding assays for Xamoterol use membrane preparations from cells expressing recombinant human β1- or β2-adrenergic receptors. The compound is incubated with a radiolabeled β-adrenergic receptor ligand (e.g., [¹²⁵I]-iodocyanopindolol) at varying concentrations for 60-120 minutes at room temperature. Nonspecific binding is determined in the presence of an excess of unlabeled β-blocker. Bound and free radioactivity are separated by filtration, and Ki values are calculated from competition curves.
|
| Cell Assay |
Cellular functional assays for Xamoterol use cell lines stably expressing the β1-adrenergic receptor (e.g., CHO-β1 or HEK-293-β1 cells). Cells are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with Xamoterol at concentrations ranging from 0.01 nM to 100 μM. Receptor activation is measured by monitoring cAMP accumulation via HTRF or ELISA-based cAMP assays, as β1 receptors are Gs-coupled and stimulate adenylyl cyclase. EC50 values are determined from dose-response curves. The partial agonist activity is confirmed by comparing the maximal response to that of a full agonist (e.g., isoproterenol). Antagonist studies can be performed using selective β1 blockers.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy studies are conducted in animal models of heart failure (e.g., pacing-induced heart failure in dogs or rats) or in normal animals to assess cardiovascular effects. Xamoterol is administered via intravenous or oral routes at doses typically ranging from 0.1-10 mg/kg. Hemodynamic parameters such as cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility are measured using invasive or non-invasive techniques. Electrocardiographic monitoring is performed to assess effects on cardiac rhythm.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic studies of Xamoterol demonstrate that the compound is administered orally or intravenously. As a β1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, its PK properties support its use in cardiovascular indications. PK parameters such as Cmax, Tmax, AUC, half-life, and oral bioavailability are determined in preclinical species and in clinical studies. The compound's metabolism and elimination pathways are characterized to assess its suitability for chronic dosing.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology studies of Xamoterol were conducted as part of its clinical development program. As a β1-adrenoceptor agonist, potential toxicities may include cardiovascular effects such as arrhythmias, tachycardia, and hypertension or hypotension. Standard toxicology studies (acute, subchronic, and chronic) were performed in rodents and non-human primates. The compound's safety profile was evaluated in clinical trials for heart failure. Specific toxicity findings are not widely reported in public sources.
|
| References |
Cruickshank JM. Beta-blockers and heart failure. Indian Heart J. 2010 Mar-Apr;62(2):101-10. Review. PubMed PMID: 21180298.
|
| Additional Infomation |
Xamoterol belongs to the morpholine class of compounds. Xamoterol is a partial β1-adrenergic receptor agonist, and studies have shown that it can improve systolic and diastolic function in patients with heart failure. It modulates the sympathetic control of the heart but has no agonistic effect on β2-adrenergic receptors. It is a phenoxypropanolamine derivative and a selective β1-adrenergic agonist.
Xamoterol hemifumarate is a β1-adrenoceptor partial agonist that was developed for the treatment of heart failure. It represents an approach to inotropic support that avoids the excessive stimulation and adverse effects associated with full β1 agonists. The compound has been studied in clinical trials. Xamoterol is available for research purposes. Its partial agonist activity and β1 selectivity make it a valuable tool for studying adrenergic receptor pharmacology and cardiac function. |
| Molecular Formula |
C36H54N6O14
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
794.85
|
| Exact Mass |
339.179
|
| CAS # |
73210-73-8
|
| Related CAS # |
Xamoterol;81801-12-9
|
| PubChem CID |
155774
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
651.4ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
168-169ºC (dec)
|
| Flash Point |
347.7ºC
|
| LogP |
0.483
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
24
|
| Complexity |
358
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
QEDVGROSOZBGOZ-MZQXSLHISA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2C16H25N3O5.C4H4O4/c2*20-13-1-3-15(4-2-13)24-12-14(21)11-17-5-6-18-16(22)19-7-9-23-10-8-195-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h2*1-4,14,17,20-21H,5-12H2,(H,18,22)1-2H,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)/b2-1+/t2*14-/m11./s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(R)-N-(2-((2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)propyl)amino)ethyl)morpholine-4-carboxamide hemifumarate
|
| Synonyms |
ICI-118587 hemioxalate ICI 118587 hemioxalate ICI118587 hemioxalate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~251.62 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.2581 mL | 6.2905 mL | 12.5810 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2516 mL | 1.2581 mL | 2.5162 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1258 mL | 0.6290 mL | 1.2581 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
COA