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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Wright's stain does not have specific molecular targets in the traditional pharmacological sense. Its mechanism of action is based on the differential staining of cellular components due to the chemical properties of its dye components. Eosin, an acidic dye, stains basic components of cells (e.g., cytoplasm, red blood cells) pink to red. Methylene blue, a basic dye, stains acidic components (e.g., nuclei, basophilic granules) blue to purple. The combination of these dyes allows for the visualization of cellular morphology and differentiation of cell types.
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| ln Vitro |
Wright's stain is not a pharmacological agent and does not have in vitro biological activity. Its utility is as a staining reagent for microscopy. The stain differentially colors cellular components: eosin stains cytoplasm and red blood cells pink to red, while methylene blue stains nuclei and basophilic structures blue to purple. This allows for the identification of different blood cell types including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils based on their staining characteristics.
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| ln Vivo |
Wright's stain is not a therapeutic agent and does not have in vivo pharmacological activity. It is used ex vivo as a staining reagent for biological samples. No in vivo administration of Wright's stain is performed for therapeutic or pharmacological purposes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Wright's stain is not used in non-cellular enzyme/receptor binding assays. Its application is limited to histological and cytological staining. The staining process involves fixing the sample (e.g., blood smear) on a glass slide, applying the Wright's stain solution, allowing it to incubate for a specified time, rinsing with buffer, and air-drying. The stained sample is then examined under a light microscope for cellular morphology.
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| Cell Assay |
Wright's stain is used in vitro for staining blood smears, bone marrow aspirates, and other biological samples. The staining procedure involves: (1) preparing a thin smear of the sample on a glass slide; (2) air-drying and fixing the smear with methanol; (3) applying Wright's stain solution and allowing it to stand for 1-3 minutes; (4) adding buffer and allowing further incubation for 3-5 minutes; (5) rinsing with buffer and air-drying. The stained smear is then examined under a microscope for cellular morphology and differential cell counting.
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| Animal Protocol |
Wright's stain is not used in in vivo animal studies as a therapeutic or pharmacological agent. It is used ex vivo for staining biological samples collected from animals in research studies. The staining procedure is the same as that used for human samples and allows for the microscopic examination of animal blood cells for hematological analysis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Wright's stain is not administered systemically and does not have pharmacokinetic properties. It is used topically on fixed biological samples for staining purposes. No absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion data are relevant or available for this compound.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Wright's stain are limited to its use as a laboratory reagent. The stain contains methanol, which is toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Methanol can cause central nervous system depression, visual disturbances, and metabolic acidosis. The dye components may cause skin and eye irritation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be observed when handling Wright's stain, including the use of gloves and eye protection.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Wright's stain is a laboratory reagent used for diagnostic and research purposes. It is not approved as a therapeutic agent. Its primary applications include hematological staining for the differential counting of blood cells, staining of bone marrow aspirates, urine samples, and microorganisms. Wright's stain is widely used in clinical laboratories, hematology research, and pathology. It is also known as Wright's blood stain and is available as a ready-to-use solution.
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| Molecular Formula |
C36H27BR4N3O5S
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
933.2977
|
| Exact Mass |
163.063
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| CAS # |
68988-92-1
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| PubChem CID |
25113599
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| Appearance |
Green to dark green solid powder
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
263.0±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
-98ºC
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| Flash Point |
115.7±11.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.586
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| LogP |
2.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
49
|
| Complexity |
1070
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CN(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C3C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C3S2.C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C2=C3C=C(C(=C(C3=[O+]C4=C(C(=C(C=C24)Br)O)Br)Br)O)Br)C(=O)O
|
| InChi Key |
AXIKDPDWFVPGOD-UHFFFAOYSA-O
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H8Br4O5.C16H18N3S/c21-11-5-9-13(7-3-1-2-4-8(7)20(27)28)10-6-12(22)17(26)15(24)19(10)29-18(9)14(23)16(11)25;1-18(2)11-5-7-13-15(9-11)20-16-10-12(19(3)4)6-8-14(16)17-13/h1-6H,(H2-,25,26,27,28);5-10H,1-4H3/q;+1/p+1
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| Chemical Name |
[7-(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;2-(2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-3,6-dihydroxyxanthen-10-ium-9-yl)benzoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0715 mL | 5.3573 mL | 10.7147 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2143 mL | 1.0715 mL | 2.1429 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1071 mL | 0.5357 mL | 1.0715 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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