| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The molecular mechanism involves multiple targets. It exhibits inhibitory activity for tachyphylaxis to Clonidine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. It inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation in cell-free assays and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies also suggest it may affect the GABAergic system and glucocorticoid signaling to manage stress responses.
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| ln Vitro |
Withanoside V inhibits iron-induced lipid peroxidation by 82.5% in a cell-free assay. In isolated guinea-pig ileum, it exhibits inhibitory activity against clonidine-induced tachyphylaxis. It has shown anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing markers of oxidative stress in various models. It induces neurite outgrowth in cultured neurons.
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| ln Vivo |
Withanoside V has demonstrated adaptogenic properties in animal models, helping the body manage stress. It has been studied for its potential to improve mental health and reduce anxiety levels. It shows neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegeneration. Clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate its impact on mental health and reduction of anxiety levels.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For a cell-free lipid peroxidation assay, rat brain homogenates or microsomes are incubated with FeSO4 (10 uM) and ascorbic acid (100 uM) to induce iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. Withanoside V is added at varying concentrations (0.1-100 uM). After incubation for 30-60 min at 37degC, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) formed is measured by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The percent inhibition is calculated by comparing MDA levels to control samples (without inhibitor).
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro neuronal cell assays, rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells are seeded in collagen-coated plates in DMEM containing 5% FBS. Cells are treated with Withanoside V (1-100 uM) in the presence or absence of nerve growth factor (NGF, 50 ng/mL) for 3-5 days. The percentage of cells with neurites (outgrowth > cell body diameter) is counted in multiple microscopic fields. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay to ensure concentrations are non-toxic. Changes in expression of neurofilament proteins are assessed by Western blot.
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| Animal Protocol |
A typical in vivo protocol for testing stress response involves male Swiss albino mice. Mice are administered Withanoside V orally (10-50 mg/kg) once daily for 14-21 days. On the last day, animals are subjected to an immobilization stress test. Blood is collected for serum corticosterone analysis by ELISA. Brain regions (hippocampus, cortex) are isolated to measure oxidative stress markers (MDA, glutathione) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha) using ELISA kits or biochemical colorimetric assays.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Withanoside V has a molecular weight of 766.91 and a formula of C40H62O14. It is a solid that can be dissolved in DMSO. The two sugar moieties influence its hydrophilicity and bioavailability compared to non-glycosylated withanolides. Moderate human serum albumin (HSA) binding (K = 5.33 × 10⁴ M-¹) enables balanced PK/PD modeling. It is stable for long-term storage at -20degC as a powder.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Withanoside V has shown a favorable safety profile in traditional use of Ashwagandha. In laboratory studies, the therapeutic index is high, with an IC50 of 30.14 microM in SK-N-SH cells, indicating a reasonable margin of safety. No significant acute toxicity has been reported at doses typically used in research. Standard laboratory precautions apply.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Reports indicate that nightshade contains solanine V, and relevant data is available for reference.
Withanoside V is a natural product that serves as a phytochemical marker for quality control of Ashwagandha supplements. It is available as a phyproof® Reference Substance with assigned absolute purity (≥90.0% by HPLC) for analytical applications. It is recognized for its adaptogenic properties and has been studied in clinical trials for improving mental health and reducing anxiety levels. |
| Molecular Formula |
C40H62O14
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
766.91188
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| Exact Mass |
766.413
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| CAS # |
256520-90-8
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| PubChem CID |
10700345
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
935.2±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
280.9±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.618
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| LogP |
3.46
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
14
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
54
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| Complexity |
1450
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
20
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| SMILES |
CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C(C)C2CCC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)C
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| InChi Key |
ZBLWKSUMHLVXAM-KFJRISAASA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C40H62O14/c1-17-12-26(52-36(49)18(17)2)19(3)23-8-9-24-22-7-6-20-13-21(14-29(42)40(20,5)25(22)10-11-39(23,24)4)51-38-35(48)33(46)31(44)28(54-38)16-50-37-34(47)32(45)30(43)27(15-41)53-37/h6,19,21-35,37-38,41-48H,7-16H2,1-5H3/t19-,21+,22-,23+,24-,25-,26+,27+,28+,29-,30+,31+,32-,33-,34+,35+,37+,38+,39+,40-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2-[(1S)-1-[(1S,3R,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-1-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-4,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3039 mL | 6.5197 mL | 13.0393 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2608 mL | 1.3039 mL | 2.6079 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1304 mL | 0.6520 mL | 1.3039 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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