| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Withanolide B targets several key cellular pathways. It promotes osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) via the ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. In silico docking studies have identified it as a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor with a Ki of 5.15 nM, and it also inhibits inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) with Kis of 15.48 and 66.59 nM, respectively. It has also been identified as a ligand for PARP1. Furthermore, it modulates inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB signaling.
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| ln Vitro |
In hBMSCs, withanolide B (1-100 nM; 3-5 days) dramatically boosts the expression of the COL1A1 and RUNX2 genes and proteins [1]. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the production of extracellular matrix calcium deposits are both enhanced by withanolide B (1–100 nM; 11 or 3 days) [1]. Withanolide B (1-100 nM; 3-5 days) raises the levels of active β-catenin and p-ERK protein expression in hBMSCs [1]. In SK-N-SH cells, withanolide B (10-100 μM; 48 hours) reduces the toxicity caused by Aβ42 aggregation [2].
In vitro, Withanolide B exhibits multiple biological activities. It promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) through the activation of ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. It demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities by modulating various cellular pathways, including NF-κB and apoptosis signaling. It also shows neuroprotective effects. Unlike withanolide A, it does not increase glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. These activities make it a compound of interest in multiple research areas. |
| ln Vivo |
Withanolide B (10 mg/kg; local injection) can improve bone repair in a rat tibial defect model [1].
In vivo, Withanolide B has been studied for its therapeutic potential. Its osteogenic activity suggests it could promote bone healing in vivo. The compound's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects have been observed in various animal models. It is known to exhibit anti-arthritic effects. Further in vivo studies are needed to fully characterize its efficacy and safety in different disease models. The compound is used as an analytical standard for research and analytical applications. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding studies for Withanolide B are used to characterize its interactions with molecular targets. Its inhibition of nitric oxide synthases (nNOS, iNOS, eNOS) can be assessed using enzyme activity assays that measure the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline. Its binding to PARP1 can be evaluated in binding assays. The compound's effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway can be studied by measuring the transcriptional activity of β-catenin using a reporter gene assay. These protocols are for research purposes only.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell viability assay [1]
Cell Types: human bone mesenchymal stem cells Tested Concentrations: 1, 10, 100 nM Incubation Duration: 3, 5 days Experimental Results: The expression of COL1A1 and RUNX2 increased Dramatically. In vitro cell-based assays for Withanolide B evaluate its effects on cell differentiation and signaling. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are cultured in osteogenic media and treated with Withanolide B. Osteogenic differentiation is assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red S staining for mineralization, and expression of osteogenic marker genes like RUNX2 by qRT-PCR. The activation of ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways is confirmed by Western blot analysis of phosphorylated ERK and β-catenin levels. |
| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Male SD (SD (Sprague-Dawley)) rats with tibial defects (8 weeks, 200 g) [1]
Doses: 10 mg/kg Route of Administration: At various time points (0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 days) Experimental Results: Increased trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and cortical bone thickness. In vivo animal studies for Withanolide B would typically involve models of bone healing, inflammation, or neurodegeneration. For bone studies, critical-size defect models in rodents could be used, where the compound is administered locally or systemically, and bone regeneration is assessed by micro-CT and histology. For anti-inflammatory studies, models like carrageenan-induced paw edema could be employed. For neuroprotection, models of Parkinson's or Alzheimer's disease might be used. All procedures must comply with institutional animal care guidelines. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of Withanolide B are not fully detailed in the provided literature. It has a molecular weight of 454.60 g/mol. As a natural withanolide, its absorption and bioavailability would be areas of interest for further research. The product is intended for research and analytical applications. For research use, the compound should be stored under the conditions recommended in the Certificate of Analysis.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of Withanolide B is not extensively documented in the available literature. It is classified for research use only and not for human consumption. Its use in research suggests a manageable safety profile at standard laboratory concentrations. However, as with all bioactive compounds, it should be handled with care using appropriate personal protective equipment.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Withanolide B is a type of Withanolide. It has been reported to exist in Withania coagulans, Datura metel, and Withania somnifera, and relevant data are available for reference.
Additional information: Withanolide B has the CAS number 56973-41-2. Its molecular formula is C₂₈H₃₈O₅ and its molecular weight is 454.60 g/mol. The product is often used as an analytical standard. Its primary mechanism of action involves promoting osteogenic differentiation via ERK1/2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. It is a compound of interest for research in bone biology, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. This product is for research use only and is not approved for clinical or therapeutic applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C28H38O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
454.59832
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| Exact Mass |
454.272
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| CAS # |
56973-41-2
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| Related CAS # |
Withanolide B; 56973-41-2
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| PubChem CID |
14236711
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.206
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| Source |
Originated from plants: Solanaceae Withania somnifera
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| LogP |
4.38
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
33
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| Complexity |
981
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
11
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| SMILES |
CC1=C(C(=O)O[C@H](C1)[C@@H](C)[C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@@]2(CC[C@H]4[C@H]3[C@H]5[C@H](O5)[C@@]6([C@@]4(C(=O)C=CC6)C)O)C)C
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| InChi Key |
ZTEVDTFJUUJBLP-MBMSZCMESA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C28H38O5/c1-14-13-20(32-25(30)15(14)2)16(3)17-8-9-18-22-19(10-12-26(17,18)4)27(5)21(29)7-6-11-28(27,31)24-23(22)33-24/h6-7,16-20,22-24,31H,8-13H2,1-5H3/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20+,22-,23-,24-,26+,27-,28-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,2S,4S,5R,10R,11S,14R,15R,18S)-15-[(1S)-1-[(2R)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]ethyl]-5-hydroxy-10,14-dimethyl-3-oxapentacyclo[9.7.0.02,4.05,10.014,18]octadec-7-en-9-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~3.3 mg/mL (~7.3 mM; with ultrasonication) Acetone: ~1 mg/mL (~2.2 mM; with ultrasonication and warming by heating to 60°C)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 0.33 mg/mL (0.73 mM) in 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% Saline (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Suspended solution; with ultrasonication.
For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (3.3 mg/mL) to 400 μL of PEG300 and mix well; then add 50 μL of Tween-80 and mix well; finally add 450 μL of physiological saline and adjust the volume to 1 mL. Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 2: ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (0.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline) (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (3.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL of 20% SBE-β-CD saline and mix well. Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution. Solubility in Formulation 3: ≥ 0.33 mg/mL (0.73 mM) (saturation unknown) in 10% DMSO + 90% Corn Oil (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), Clear solution. For example, if 1 mL of working solution is to be prepared, you can add 100 μL of DMSO stock solution (3.3 mg/mL) to 900 μL of corn oil and mix well. (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1997 mL | 10.9987 mL | 21.9974 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4399 mL | 2.1997 mL | 4.3995 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2200 mL | 1.0999 mL | 2.1997 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT06171724 | Recruiting | Dietary Supplement: Shoden 240 mg Dietary Supplement: Shoden 480 mg |
Aging Healthy |
Oregon Health and Science University | 2024-04-08 | Early Phase 1 |
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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