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| 5mg |
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Tyrothricin is a novel and potent antimicrobial polypeptide extracted from Bacillus brevis, consisting of gramicidins and tyrocidins commands broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and some yeasts in vitro. It has activity against bacteria, fungi and some viruses.
| ln Vitro |
Composed of 50%–70% tyrocidines and 25%–50% gramicidins, tyrothricin is a polypeptide mixture. While the fraction of gramicidins consists of neutral, linear peptides, the group of tyrocidines consists of basic, cyclic peptides. Tyrothricin's constituents include D-amino acids in addition to physiological and necessary L-amino acids[1].
The nonribosomal pathway is how the gram-positive aerobic sporeforming bacterium Bacillus brevis (Strain ATCC 8185) produces tyrothricin during the sporulation phase[1]. Tyrothricin's efficacy spectrum primarily targets gram-positive bacteria, although it also targets a few gram-negative species. The range of Tyrothricin concentrations that inhibit Corynebacteria and Staphylococci is wider, ranging from 2-256 μg/mL. At a maximum concentration of 128 μg/mL, Tyrothricin can inhibit all strains of Staphylococcus, unlike the gramicidin fraction alone. Meningococci and gonococci were the most sensitive gram-negative bacteria, with a sensitivity of 96 μg/mL[1]. Numerous Candida species are susceptible to the fungicidal effects of tyrothricin. Tyrothricin exhibits anti-infectious properties against the Sendai strain of the parainfluenza virus [1]. |
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| ln Vivo |
Pre-incubating the virus suspension with tyrothricin could considerably reduce the lethality in mice when utilizing HSV type 1 in animal models. Tyrothricin and the virus had to come into direct contact for the effect to manifest[1].
However, at higher Tyrothricin concentrations in vitro, disruption of the integrity of eukaryotic membranes is observed. Tyrothricin's hemolytic activity in in vitro studies and when administered intravenously to animals serve as examples of this effect. Oral administration is highly well tolerated compared to intravenous (LD50 mouse: 3.7 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal (LD50 mouse: 20-45 mg/kg) administrations, as Tyrothricin is broken down in the gastrointestinal tract[1]. |
| References |
| Molecular Formula |
C65H85N11O13
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1228.45
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| Exact Mass |
1227.6328
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 63.55; H, 6.97; N, 12.54; O, 16.93
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| CAS # |
1404-88-2
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| Appearance |
Solid powder
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| SMILES |
NCCC[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2C=CC(O)=CC=2)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)[C@@H](CC2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2C(=O)[C@@H](CC2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC1=O
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| InChi Key |
NLJVXZFCYKWXLH-DXTIXLATSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C65H85N11O13/c1-38(2)32-49-60(84)74-52(36-42-20-12-7-13-21-42)65(89)76-31-15-23-53(76)63(87)73-51(34-41-18-10-6-11-19-41)61(85)70-47(33-40-16-8-5-9-17-40)57(81)48(37-54(67)78)71-59(83)46(28-29-55(79)80)68-50(35-43-24-26-44(77)27-25-43)62(86)75-56(39(3)4)64(88)69-45(22-14-30-66)58(82)72-49/h5-13,16-21,24-27,38-39,45-53,56,68,77H,14-15,22-23,28-37,66H2,1-4H3,(H2,67,78)(H,69,88)(H,70,85)(H,71,83)(H,72,82)(H,73,87)(H,74,84)(H,75,86)(H,79,80)/t45-,46-,47+,48-,49-,50-,51-,52+,53-,56-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
3-((3S,6R,8S,11S,13S,16S,19S,22S,25R,30aS)-8-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-19-(3-aminopropyl)-3,6,25-tribenzyl-13-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-22-isobutyl-16-isopropyl-1,4,7,10,14,17,20,23,26-nonaoxotriacontahydropyrrolo[2,1-f][1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25]nonaazacyclooctacosin-11-yl)propanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
Tyrothricin; Bactratycin; Coltirot; Dermotricine; Ginotricina; Hydrotricine; Martricin; Tyrex; Solutricine;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.03.00
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
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| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.8140 mL | 4.0702 mL | 8.1403 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1628 mL | 0.8140 mL | 1.6281 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0814 mL | 0.4070 mL | 0.8140 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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