| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| Targets |
Tyroserleutide is an antitumor tripeptide. Although its precise molecular mechanism is not fully elucidated, it appears to inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), a cell adhesion factor that plays an important role in the invasion, adhesion, and metastasis of tumor cells. The compound also has immunomodulatory effects, such as enhancing Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced mouse spleen lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis of mouse peritoneal macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cell activity.
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| ln Vitro |
YSL has immune-suppressive properties that include boosting the proliferation of mouse splenic lymphocytes produced by concanavalin (ConA), phagocytosing mouse peritoneal macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cell activity [1]. Tyroserleutide (YSL) is an immunotherapy tripeptide that, by down-regulating the expression of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2, can induce the apoptosis of liver cancer cells (H22) [2]. Tyroserleutide is the best option for causing liver tumor cells to undergo apoptosis [2]. Tyroserleutide prevents the growth of tumors without seriously endangering the main organs. Tumor cell migration can be inhibited by tyroserleutin [2].
In vitro, tyroserleutide has demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth of various cancer cell lines, including human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It inhibits tumor cell migration and induces apoptosis. The compound's immunomodulatory properties have also been confirmed in cell-based assays using lymphocytes and macrophages. |
| ln Vivo |
Tyroserleutide (10-80 μg/kg; intraperitoneally, once daily till mouse death) shown strong antitumor efficacy. Mice implanted with H22 have much longer survival times when tyroserleutin is used [1].
In vivo, tyroserleutide has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in animal models. It inhibits the growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both in vitro and in vivo models. Importantly, the compound does not cause severe toxicities in major organs. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme or receptor binding (non-cell) assays for tyroserleutide are less common due to its undefined molecular target. However, its activity can be assessed by studying its effects on ICAM-1 expression using purified protein or cell-free systems. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) could be used to measure its binding affinity to potential target proteins.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for tyroserleutide are performed using cancer cell lines, such as hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cells are treated with the compound, and cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis are assessed using standard assays. The compound's effects on cell migration and invasion are measured using transwell or scratch assays. Its immunomodulatory effects are assessed using lymphocyte proliferation assays and macrophage phagocytosis assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Female Kunming mouse (18-22 g, 6 weeks old) H22 tumor model [1]
Doses: 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/kg Route of Administration: Injection (ip) one time/day until mice died. Experimental Results: The survival times of 10, 20, 40 and 80 μg/kg were 25.53±14.14, 25.82±14.29, 30.47±17.89 and 35.06±20.90 days respectively. In vivo animal experiments for tyroserleutide are conducted using mouse xenograft models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mice bearing subcutaneous tumors are treated with the compound (administered intraperitoneally or intravenously), and tumor volume is measured over time. The compound's effects on metastasis are assessed by examining the lungs and other organs for metastatic foci. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of tyroserleutide have been characterized to support its development as an anti-cancer agent. As a tripeptide, it is susceptible to enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and may have low oral bioavailability. It is typically administered parenterally in preclinical studies. Specific PK parameters are determined in animal studies via LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma samples.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology (toxicology) data for tyroserleutide indicate it is relatively non-toxic. In animal studies, it does not cause severe toxicities in the major organs. Its safety profile is being further evaluated in the context of its development as a therapeutic agent.
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| References |
[1]. Wang C, et al. Studies on the large scale synthesis and anti-tumor activity of YSL. Prep Biochem Biotechnol. 2003 Aug;33(3):189-95.
[2]. Liang P, et al. pH-Triggered Conformational Change of Antp-Based Drug Delivery Platform for Tumor Treatment with Combined Photothermal Therapy and Chemotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater. 2019 Aug;8(15):e1900306. [3]. Yao Z, Qiu S, Wang L, et al. Tripeptide tyroserleutide enhances the antitumor effects of macrophages and stimulates macrophage secretion of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and NO in vitro. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2006;55(1):56-60. [4]. Ma C, Wei T, Hua Y, Wang Z, Zhang L. Effective Antitumor of Orally Intestinal Targeting Penetrating Peptide-Loaded Tyroserleutide/PLGA Nanoparticles in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine. 2021;16:4495-4513. [5]. Che X, Lu R, Fu Z, et al. Therapeutic effects of tyroserleutide on lung metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma SK-HEP-1 and its mechanism affecting ICAM-1 and MMP-2 and -9. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018;12:3357-3368. |
| Additional Infomation |
Tyr-Ser-Leu is an oligopeptide. Tyrosine-leucine peptide is a tripeptide composed of tyrosine, serine, and leucine, possessing potential antitumor activity. Although the mechanism of its antitumor activity is not fully elucidated, tyrosine-leucine peptide appears to inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 (CD54). ICAM-1 (CD54) is a cell adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, playing a crucial role in tumor cell invasion, adhesion, and metastasis. Furthermore, this drug may affect the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway, inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K); PI3K is upregulated in tumor cells and participates in cell proliferation.
Other information: Tyroserleutide is a tripeptide with potential antineoplastic activity. It is being investigated as a potential treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. The compound is available as a research reagent for preclinical studies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H27N3O6
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| Molecular Weight |
381.42
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| Exact Mass |
381.189
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| CAS # |
138168-48-6
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| Related CAS # |
Tyroserleutide hydrochloride;852982-42-4;Tyroserleutide TFA
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| PubChem CID |
10045387
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
763.8±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
415.7±32.9 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.7 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.577
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| LogP |
0.89
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
505
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
O=C(O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)Cc1ccc(O)cc1)CO)CC(C)CCopyCopied
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| InChi Key |
MQGGXGKQSVEQHR-KKUMJFAQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H27N3O6/c1-10(2)7-14(18(26)27)20-17(25)15(9-22)21-16(24)13(19)8-11-3-5-12(23)6-4-11/h3-6,10,13-15,22-23H,7-9,19H2,1-2H3,(H,20,25)(H,21,24)(H,26,27)/t13-,14-,15-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
CMS 024. HTyrSerLeuOH; YSL; Tyroserleutide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6218 mL | 13.1089 mL | 26.2178 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5244 mL | 2.6218 mL | 5.2436 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2622 mL | 1.3109 mL | 2.6218 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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