| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Tubeimoside III targets multiple signaling pathways. It inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway by preventing IκBα degradation and p65 nuclear translocation. It also modulates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signaling cascades. Additionally, it induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway by upregulating Bax and downregulating Bcl-2, leading to cytochrome c release and caspase-3/9 activation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, tubeimoside III exhibits potent anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cell lines, including HeLa (IC50 ~ 5 µM), HepG2 (IC50 ~ 8 µM), and MCF-7 (IC50 ~ 10 µM), after 48-hour treatment. It inhibits LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages with an IC50 of 2.5 µM. The compound also suppresses IL-6 and TNF-α secretion at concentrations of 1-10 µM.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, tubeimoside III demonstrates anti-tumor efficacy in mouse xenograft models. In nude mice bearing HeLa tumors, intraperitoneal administration of 5 mg/kg tubeimoside III every other day for 21 days resulted in a ~50% reduction in tumor volume. In a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury, tubeimoside III (1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced lung inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro NF-κB inhibition assay uses a dual-luciferase reporter system. HeLa cells are co-transfected with an NF-κB-luciferase reporter plasmid and a Renilla luciferase control plasmid. After transfection, cells are treated with tubeimoside III (1-10 µM) for 24 hours, followed by stimulation with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 6 hours. Luciferase activity is measured and normalized to Renilla activity to determine the relative inhibition of NF-κB activation.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell proliferation assays, cancer cells are seeded in 96-well plates at 5,000-10,000 cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. The cells are then treated with serial dilutions of tubeimoside III (0.1-100 µM) for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using the CCK-8 or MTT assay. For apoptosis analysis, cells are treated with the compound for 24 hours and stained with annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide, followed by flow cytometry analysis.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo xenograft studies, BALB/c nude mice (6-8 weeks, 18-22 g) are subcutaneously inoculated with 5 × 10⁶ HeLa cells in the right flank. When tumors reach ~100 mm³, mice are randomly divided into groups (n=6-8). Tubeimoside III is dissolved in PBS with 5% DMSO and administered intraperitoneally at doses of 1, 3, and 5 mg/kg every other day for 21 days. Tumor volumes and body weights are measured every three days. TUNEL and H&E staining are performed on tumor tissues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic studies in rats following intravenous administration (1 mg/kg) of tubeimoside III show a plasma half-life of 3.5 hours and a volume of distribution of 0.8 L/kg. Oral bioavailability is low (<5%) due to poor intestinal absorption and first-pass metabolism. The compound binds strongly to plasma proteins (>90%). It is metabolized in the liver via cytochrome P450 enzymes (primarily CYP3A4) and excreted in the bile.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Tubeimoside III has a low toxicity profile. The intraperitoneal LD50 in mice is approximately 50 mg/kg. At therapeutic doses (1-5 mg/kg), no significant changes in liver or kidney function markers are observed. The compound exhibits mild hemolytic activity at concentrations >100 µM. No genotoxicity has been reported in standard Ames tests.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Tubeimoside III is a white to off-white amorphous powder. It is soluble in DMSO and methanol but poorly soluble in water. In traditional Chinese medicine, the plant containing tubeimosides is used for treating inflammation and tumors. The compound is a research tool for studying saponin pharmacology and natural product-based drug discovery. Its mechanism involves multiple pathways, making it a promising lead compound for cancer therapy.
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| Molecular Formula |
C64H100O31
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1365.4602
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| Exact Mass |
1364.624
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| CAS # |
115810-13-4
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| PubChem CID |
5489425
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.646
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| LogP |
3.82
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
16
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
31
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
95
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| Complexity |
2800
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
MTICHQXHYUJVDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C64H100O31/c1-25-47-48(91-52-44(79)38(73)29(68)21-85-52)46(81)54(87-25)92-49-39(74)30(69)22-86-55(49)95-57(82)64-14-13-58(2,3)15-27(64)26-9-10-34-60(5)16-28(67)51(61(6,24-66)33(60)11-12-62(34,7)63(26,8)17-35(64)70)94-56-50(43(78)40(75)31(20-65)88-56)93-53-45(80)42(77)41(76)32(89-53)23-84-36(71)18-59(4,83)19-37(72)90-47/h9,25,27-35,38-56,65-70,73-81,83H,10-24H2,1-8H3
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| Chemical Name |
7,8,18,24,25,26,30,31,37,53,59-undecahydroxy-32,56-bis(hydroxymethyl)-13,18,39,43,50,50,55,56-octamethyl-58-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxy-3,5,10,12,15,21,28,33,35,57-decaoxadecacyclo[41.9.3.211,14.123,27.136,40.01,48.04,9.029,34.039,44.047,55]nonapentacont-46-ene-2,16,20-trione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~73.24 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.7324 mL | 3.6618 mL | 7.3235 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1465 mL | 0.7324 mL | 1.4647 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0732 mL | 0.3662 mL | 0.7324 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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