| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
TS-021 targets dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). DPP-4 is an enzyme that degrades incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). By inhibiting DPP-4, TS-021 increases the levels of active GLP-1, which enhances insulin secretion and reduces glucagon release, leading to improved glycemic control. The compound's high selectivity minimizes off-target effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, TS-021 has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of DPP-4 activity in human plasma, with an IC50 value of 5.34 nM. It demonstrates significant selectivity against DPP-8 and DPP-9, exceeding 600-fold and 1,200-fold, respectively. This selectivity is important for reducing the risk of side effects associated with inhibition of other DPP family members.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, TS-021 has long-term persistent plasma drug concentration and potent antihyperglycemic activity. It increases the active form of GLP-1. The compound's long-acting nature allows for once-daily dosing. It is being studied for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme or receptor binding (non-cell) assays for TS-021 involve measuring its inhibition of DPP-4 enzymatic activity. The assay uses a purified recombinant DPP-4 enzyme and a fluorogenic substrate. The cleavage of the substrate by DPP-4 releases a fluorescent product. The compound is incubated with the enzyme and substrate at varying concentrations, and the IC50 is determined. Selectivity is assessed by testing the compound against DPP-8, DPP-9, and other peptidases.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for TS-021 are performed using cell lines that express DPP-4. Cells are treated with the compound, and DPP-4 activity is measured. The effects on GLP-1 degradation and insulin secretion are assessed. The compound's ability to protect GLP-1 from degradation is evaluated in these assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for TS-021 are conducted using rodent models of type 2 diabetes, such as db/db mice or streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The compound is administered orally, and its effects on blood glucose, insulin levels, and glucose tolerance are assessed. The compound's long-acting antihyperglycemic activity is evaluated in these models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of TS-021 indicate that it is orally active and has long-term persistent plasma drug concentration. The compound has a molecular weight of 385.5 and a molecular formula of C17H24FN3O5S. It is a solid with a purity of >98%. The compound is typically administered orally in animal studies. Specific PK parameters, such as half-life and bioavailability, are determined in preclinical studies via LC-MS/MS analysis of plasma samples.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology (toxicology) data for TS-021 are characteristic of a DPP-4 inhibitor. The compound is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. Common side effects of DPP-4 inhibitors may include gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea and diarrhea. The compound's high selectivity for DPP-4 over DPP-8 and DPP-9 may reduce the risk of off-target toxicities.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Other information: TS-021 is a research compound used to study the role of DPP-4 in type 2 diabetes. It is a selective, orally active, reversible, and long-acting DPP-4 inhibitor. The compound is available from chemical suppliers for preclinical research purposes. Its CAS number is 667865-69-2.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H24FN3O5S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
401.452966690063
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| Exact Mass |
401.142
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| CAS # |
667865-69-2
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| Related CAS # |
667865-69-2 (sulfonate); 625110-37-4 (free);
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| PubChem CID |
9865778
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
520
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
CC(C)(CO)NCC(=O)N1C[C@H](C[C@H]1C#N)F.C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
BMWITAUNXBHIPO-OZZZDHQUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H18FN3O2.C6H6O3S/c1-11(2,7-16)14-5-10(17)15-6-8(12)3-9(15)4-13;7-10(8,9)6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h8-9,14,16H,3,5-7H2,1-2H3;1-5H,(H,7,8,9)/t8-,9-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
benzenesulfonic acid;(2S,4S)-4-fluoro-1-[2-[(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.4910 mL | 12.4549 mL | 24.9097 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4982 mL | 2.4910 mL | 4.9819 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2491 mL | 1.2455 mL | 2.4910 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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