| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Trilaurin does not have a specific molecular target in the context of drug action; rather, it functions as a nutritional lipid and a metabolic substrate. As a triglyceride, it is hydrolyzed by lipases to release lauric acid, which can be utilized as an energy source or incorporated into cellular lipids. Lauric acid is a medium-chain fatty acid with unique metabolic properties, as it is absorbed and metabolized differently from long-chain fatty acids. In research, trilaurin is used as a model compound to study lipid metabolism, digestion, and absorption. It has also been studied for its potential to inhibit the formation of neoplasms.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, trilaurin is used as a substrate in studies of lipid metabolism and digestion. It is hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase and other esterases to release lauric acid and glycerol. Cell-based assays can be used to study the uptake and metabolism of trilaurin or its hydrolysis products. For example, cultured adipocytes or hepatocytes can be treated with trilaurin or lauric acid, and the effects on lipid accumulation, gene expression, and cellular signaling can be measured. It has also been shown to inhibit the formation of neoplasms initiated by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) and promoted by croton oil in vitro.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, trilaurin is used as a dietary lipid and has been studied for its biological effects. In animal models, it has been shown to inhibit the formation of skin tumors initiated by DMBA and promoted by croton oil. This suggests potential chemopreventive properties. As a source of lauric acid, trilaurin may influence lipid metabolism, immune function, and other physiological processes. It is also used as a component of research diets to study the effects of medium-chain triglycerides on metabolism and health.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme or receptor binding (non-cell) assays for trilaurin are not typically performed, as it is not a direct enzyme inhibitor or receptor ligand. However, its hydrolysis by lipases can be studied using in vitro enzymatic assays. For example, pancreatic lipase can be incubated with trilaurin in the presence of bile salts, and the release of fatty acids can be measured by titration or using a pH-stat method. The activity of other lipases, such as hepatic lipase or lipoprotein lipase, can also be assessed using trilaurin as a substrate. These assays are used to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for trilaurin are performed using various cell lines to study its effects on cellular metabolism and function. Adipocytes, hepatocytes, or intestinal epithelial cells can be treated with trilaurin or its hydrolysis products. The uptake and metabolism of lauric acid can be traced using radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled compounds. The effects on lipid accumulation, gene expression, and inflammatory responses are measured. Cell viability and proliferation assays can also be performed to assess any potential cytotoxic or proliferative effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for trilaurin are conducted using rodent models to study its metabolic effects and potential health benefits. Animals are fed a diet containing trilaurin or a control diet, and various parameters are measured, including body weight, food intake, serum lipid levels, and tissue lipid content. In carcinogenesis studies, animals are treated with a carcinogen (e.g., DMBA) and then fed a diet containing trilaurin, and the incidence and multiplicity of tumors are assessed. These studies help to understand the role of dietary lipids in health and disease.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of trilaurin are typical of a medium-chain triglyceride. After oral administration, it is hydrolyzed in the gastrointestinal tract by lipases to release lauric acid and glycerol. Lauric acid is absorbed and transported via the portal vein to the liver, where it is rapidly metabolized. The compound has a molecular weight of 639.0 g/mol and a molecular formula of C39H74O6. It is soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents. The powder should be stored in a dry, dark place at 0-4°C for short-term storage or at -20°C for long-term storage.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicology (toxicology) data for trilaurin indicate that it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food and cosmetics. As a naturally occurring triglyceride, it has a low inherent toxicity. Oral administration of trilaurin is well-tolerated, and no significant adverse effects have been reported at typical dietary levels. In high doses, it may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, such as diarrhea, which is common with the consumption of large amounts of medium-chain triglycerides. It is not considered genotoxic, carcinogenic, or teratogenic.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Trilauric acid glyceride is a triglyceride obtained by acylation of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol with lauric acid (ladecanoic acid). It is both a triglyceride and a lauryl ester. Trilauric acid glyceride has been reported in both Cullen corylifolium and Umbellularia californica, and relevant data are available for reference.
Other information: Trilaurin is a naturally occurring triglyceride found in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and other dietary fats. It is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries as an emulsifier, stabilizer, thickening agent, and emollient. In research, it is used as a model compound for studying lipid metabolism and as an antigenotoxic positive control. Its CAS number is 538-24-9. |
| Molecular Formula |
C39H74O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
639.015
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| Exact Mass |
638.548
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| CAS # |
538-24-9
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| Related CAS # |
Trilaurin-d15;1219805-25-0
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| PubChem CID |
10851
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
643.3±22.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
46.5 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
253.5±22.4 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.463
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| LogP |
15.7
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
38
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| Heavy Atom Count |
45
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| Complexity |
626
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C39H74O6/c1-4-7-10-13-16-19-22-25-28-31-37(40)43-34-36(45-39(42)33-30-27-24-21-18-15-12-9-6-3)35-44-38(41)32-29-26-23-20-17-14-11-8-5-2/h36H,4-35H2,1-3H3
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| Chemical Name |
2,3-di(dodecanoyloxy)propyl dodecanoate
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| Synonyms |
NSC 4061; Glyceryl tridodecanoate; Trilaurin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~4 mg/mL (~6.26 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5649 mL | 7.8245 mL | 15.6490 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3130 mL | 1.5649 mL | 3.1298 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1565 mL | 0.7824 mL | 1.5649 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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