| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| 500mg |
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| Targets |
Holo-Bovine Transferrin targets the transferrin receptor (TfR), a cell surface receptor that mediates the uptake of iron-bound transferrin into cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The protein binds and mediates the transport of iron ions. It has bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity and is essential for iron utilization by hemin-synthesizing reticulocytes. It is stored in bone marrow as Tf-bound iron.
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| ln Vitro |
Heart enzyme enzymatic activity is increased by transferrin (0.2, 1 and 5 μM, 30 min) [2]. The enzymatic activity of cardiac enzymes and FXIIa, its natural substrate (fibrinogen), is enhanced by transferrin (0.2, 1 and 5 μM, 30 min) [2]. Capacity [2]. Transferrin has the ability to bind to cytochrome, which allows it to import the conjugated cells into the overexpressed A549 cell solution and cause death [3].
In vitro, Holo-Bovine Transferrin (0.2, 1, and 5 μM, 30 minutes) enhances the enzymatic activity of heart enzymes. It also enhances the enzymatic activity of FXIIa (Factor XIIa) with its natural substrate (fibrinogen). Transferrin is used as a supplement in cell culture media for culturing cancer cell lines and as a component of visceral fat differentiation medium for pre-adipocyte primary cell culture. |
| ln Vivo |
Specific in vivo data for Holo-Bovine Transferrin are limited. As a blood-plasma glycoprotein, transferrin plays a critical role in iron transport and homeostasis in vivo. It is essential for iron utilization by hemin-synthesizing reticulocytes and is stored in bone marrow as Tf-bound iron. It has bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity. However, specific in vivo efficacy studies for bovine transferrin are not detailed.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The iron-binding activity of Holo-Bovine Transferrin is assessed using spectrophotometric or colorimetric assays. Transferrin is incubated with iron solutions, and the iron-binding capacity is measured. Transferrin receptor binding is assessed using ELISA or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with immobilized transferrin receptor. Enzymatic activity enhancement is assessed by incubating heart enzymes or FXIIa with transferrin and measuring enzymatic activity.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, various cell lines (e.g., cancer cell lines, pre-adipocytes) are cultured in media supplemented with Holo-Bovine Transferrin at concentrations of 0.2-5 μM. Transferrin is used as a component of cell culture media to support cell growth and iron delivery. Cell proliferation and differentiation are assessed using standard assays. The protein has a molecular weight of approximately 79.5 kDa and a serum concentration range of 1800-2700 mg/L.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies for Holo-Bovine Transferrin are not typically performed as the protein is used primarily as a cell culture supplement and research reagent. If used in animal studies, transferrin would be administered via intravenous injection to study iron metabolism or as a therapeutic protein. However, specific protocols are not available. The protein is derived from bovine plasma and is used for research purposes only.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Specific pharmacokinetic data for Holo-Bovine Transferrin are not reported. Transferrin is a naturally occurring plasma protein with a well-characterized role in iron transport. It has a molecular weight of approximately 79.5 kDa and a serum half-life of approximately 8-10 days in humans. The protein is cleared from the circulation via transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis. Bovine transferrin is used as a research reagent and cell culture supplement.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Holo-Bovine Transferrin is a naturally occurring plasma protein that is generally considered safe. It is used as a cell culture supplement and has bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity. No significant toxicity has been reported. As a bovine-derived protein, potential allergenicity should be considered. The protein is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide composed of L-pyroglutyl, L-histyl, and L-prolyl residues linked in sequence. It is a human metabolite, belonging to the peptide hormone and tripeptide class. TRH is a synthetic analog of endogenous peptide-based TRH and is currently used in pharmaceutical applications. It is a tripeptide troponin released by the hypothalamus, stimulating the anterior pituitary gland to release thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin. Although no FDA-approved products currently contain TRH, it is a component of TRH testing, used to detect the anterior pituitary response in diseases such as secondary hypothyroidism and acromegaly. There are reports and data regarding the presence of TRH in humans. TRH is a tripeptide that stimulates the release of TSH and prolactin. It is synthesized by neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. TRH (formerly known as TRF) is released into the pituitary portal circulation, stimulating the anterior pituitary to release TSH and PRL. See also: transferrin (note moved to).
Holo-Bovine Transferrin is a blood-plasma glycoprotein that binds and mediates iron transport via the transferrin receptor. It is used as a cell culture supplement and has bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity. MW: ~79.5 kDa. For research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C75H121N23O28S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1824.96554
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| Exact Mass |
362.17
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| CAS # |
11096-37-0
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| Related CAS # |
53935-32-3 (1:1 tartrate);56267-12-0 (tartrate monohydrate salt/solvate)
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| PubChem CID |
638678
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| LogP |
-2.5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
26
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| Complexity |
597
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
NC(NCCCC(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(NC(C(N)C)=O)CC(=O)O)=O)CCCNC(=N)N)=O)CC(=O)O)=O)CCC(=O)N)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)=O)CCC(=O)O)=O)CC(C)C)=O)CC(C)C)=O)CS)=O)CC(C)C)=O)CC(=O)O)=O)CC(=O)N)=O)C(O)C)=O)C(=O)O)=N
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| InChi Key |
XNSAINXGIQZQOO-SRVKXCTJSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H22N6O4/c17-14(24)12-2-1-5-22(12)16(26)11(6-9-7-18-8-19-9)21-15(25)10-3-4-13(23)20-10/h7-8,10-12H,1-6H2,(H2,17,24)(H,18,19)(H,20,23)(H,21,25)/t10-,11-,12-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-N-[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-carbamoylpyrrolidin-1-yl]-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-5-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~100 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.5480 mL | 2.7398 mL | 5.4795 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1096 mL | 0.5480 mL | 1.0959 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0548 mL | 0.2740 mL | 0.5480 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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