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TMRM

Cat No.:V11042 Purity: ≥98%
Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable/penetrable cationic fluorescent probes that can specifically identify mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence.
TMRM
TMRM Chemical Structure CAS No.: 115532-50-8
Product category: New1
This product is for research use only, not for human use. We do not sell to patients.
Size Price Stock Qty
5mg
10mg
50mg
100mg
250mg
500mg
Other Sizes

Other Forms of TMRM:

  • TMRM
Official Supplier of:
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Top Publications Citing lnvivochem Products
Purity & Quality Control Documentation

Purity: ≥98%

Product Description
Rhodamine dyes are membrane-permeable/penetrable cationic fluorescent probes that can specifically identify mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby attaching to mitochondria and producing bright fluorescence. At a certain concentration, rhodamine dyes have low toxicity to cells. Toxicity, so it is widely used to detect mitochondria in animal cells, plant cells, and microorganisms.
Biological Activity I Assay Protocols (From Reference)
ln Vitro
1. Components of TMRM working solution 1.1 Components of stock solution To make a 5 mM stock solution, take 1 milligram of TMRM and add 525 uL of DMSO. 1.2 Components of TMRM working solution To create a 1–20 μM working solution, use PBS stock solution or serum-free cell culture medium. Note: Please modify the TMRM working fluid concentration based on the current circumstances. 2. Suspension cells (6-well plate) 2.1 Cell staining a. After centrifuging for three to five minutes at 1000 g at 4 °C, remove the supernatant. Use PBS to wash twice, for five minutes each time. The density of cells is 1×106/mL. After adding 1 mL of the working solution, give it five to thirty minutes. Discard the supernatant after centrifuging at 400 g for three to four minutes at 4°C. Use PBS to wash twice, for five minutes each time. Re-suspend cells in PBS or serum-free culture media. observation using flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. 2.2 Integration with the cell wall a. On sterile slides, cultivate adherent cells. Aspirate extra culture medium after removing the coverslip from the medium. After adding 100 μL of working solution and giving it a little shake to cover all the cells, work for another 30 to 60 minutes. Wash your heart twice, for five minutes each time. observation using flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. Note: Prior to staining, cells must be resuspended if flow cytometry is being used for detection.
References

[1]. Measuring Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential by TMRE Staining. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2016 Dec 1;2016(12):pdb.prot087361.

[2]. Simultaneous evaluation of substrate-dependent oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM and safranin in cortical mitochondria. Biosci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;36(1):e00286.

[3]. Imaging of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial responses in cultured rat hippocampal neurons exposed to micromolar concentrations of TMRM. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58059.

These protocols are for reference only. InvivoChem does not independently validate these methods.
Physicochemical Properties
Molecular Formula
C25H25CLN2O7
Molecular Weight
500.9282
Exact Mass
500.135
CAS #
115532-50-8
Related CAS #
TMRM;115532-49-5
PubChem CID
11755725
Appearance
Green to dark green solid powder
Melting Point
274–276℃
LogP
4.303
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
8
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Heavy Atom Count
35
Complexity
868
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
InChi Key
PFYWPQMAWCYNGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChi Code
InChI=1S/C25H25N2O3.ClHO4/c1-26(2)16-10-12-20-22(14-16)30-23-15-17(27(3)4)11-13-21(23)24(20)18-8-6-7-9-19(18)25(28)29-5;2-1(3,4)5/h6-15H,1-5H3;(H,2,3,4,5)/q+1;/p-1
Chemical Name
[6-(dimethylamino)-9-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)xanthen-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium;perchlorate
HS Tariff Code
2934.99.9001
Storage

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light.
Shipping Condition
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
Solubility Data
Solubility (In Vitro)
DMSO : ~41.67 mg/mL (~83.19 mM)
Solubility (In Vivo)
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

Injection Formulations
(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC)
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80: Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution 50 μL Tween 80 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C,1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO 100 μLPEG300 200 μL castor oil 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10: 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol 100 μL Cremophor 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH 400 μLPEG300 50 μL Tween 80 450 μL Saline)


Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).
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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders


Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)
Preparing Stock Solutions 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.9963 mL 9.9814 mL 19.9629 mL
5 mM 0.3993 mL 1.9963 mL 3.9926 mL
10 mM 0.1996 mL 0.9981 mL 1.9963 mL

*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.

Calculator

Molarity Calculator allows you to calculate the mass, volume, and/or concentration required for a solution, as detailed below:

  • Calculate the Mass of a compound required to prepare a solution of known volume and concentration
  • Calculate the Volume of solution required to dissolve a compound of known mass to a desired concentration
  • Calculate the Concentration of a solution resulting from a known mass of compound in a specific volume
An example of molarity calculation using the molarity calculator is shown below:
What is the mass of compound required to make a 10 mM stock solution in 5 ml of DMSO given that the molecular weight of the compound is 350.26 g/mol?
  • Enter 350.26 in the Molecular Weight (MW) box
  • Enter 10 in the Concentration box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 5 in the Volume box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 17.513 mg appears in the Mass box. In a similar way, you may calculate the volume and concentration.

Dilution Calculator allows you to calculate how to dilute a stock solution of known concentrations. For example, you may Enter C1, C2 & V2 to calculate V1, as detailed below:

What volume of a given 10 mM stock solution is required to make 25 ml of a 25 μM solution?
Using the equation C1V1 = C2V2, where C1=10 mM, C2=25 μM, V2=25 ml and V1 is the unknown:
  • Enter 10 into the Concentration (Start) box and choose the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Concentration (End) box and select the correct unit (mM)
  • Enter 25 into the Volume (End) box and choose the correct unit (mL)
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer of 62.5 μL (0.1 ml) appears in the Volume (Start) box
g/mol

Molecular Weight Calculator allows you to calculate the molar mass and elemental composition of a compound, as detailed below:

Note: Chemical formula is case sensitive: C12H18N3O4  c12h18n3o4
Instructions to calculate molar mass (molecular weight) of a chemical compound:
  • To calculate molar mass of a chemical compound, please enter the chemical/molecular formula and click the “Calculate’ button.
Definitions of molecular mass, molecular weight, molar mass and molar weight:
  • Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the mass of one molecule of a substance and is expressed in the unified atomic mass units (u). (1 u is equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12)
  • Molar mass (molar weight) is the mass of one mole of a substance and is expressed in g/mol.
/

Reconstitution Calculator allows you to calculate the volume of solvent required to reconstitute your vial.

  • Enter the mass of the reagent and the desired reconstitution concentration as well as the correct units
  • Click the “Calculate” button
  • The answer appears in the Volume (to add to vial) box
In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)
Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal to make allowance for loss during the experiment)
Step 2: Enter in vivo formulation (This is only a calculator, not the exact formulation for a specific product. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation in the solubility section.)
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Calculation results

Working concentration mg/mL;

Method for preparing DMSO stock solution mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation:Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O,mix and clarify.

(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
             (2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.

Clinical Trial Information
NCT Number Recruitment interventions Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT02650154 Completed Trauma The Hospital for Sick Children 2013-08
NCT03415503 Completed Drug: Medox® Anthocyanin capsules Dyslipidemias Sun Yat-sen University 2018-10-01 Phase 3
NCT05071391 Completed Procedure: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Obesity Milagros Rocha Barajas 2017-01-01
Biological Data
  • Figure 1. Comparison of two fluorescent dyes, safranin and TMRM, during simultaneous measurement of OCR and mtMP in isolated rat cortical mitochondria (200 μg of protein).Simultaneous assessment of OCR is depicted in A, C, E and mtMP in B, D, F with substrates glutamate (Glu: 10 mM), pyruvate (Pyr: 10 mM), malate (Mal: 2 mM), ADP (2 mM), succinate (Succ: 10 mM), oligomycin (Olig, 1 μM), FCCP (F: 62.5–500.0 nM), rotenone (Rot: 1 μM) and antimycin A (AA: 1 μM). Oxygen concentration levels (nmol/ml) are illustrated in A and C (blue thin lines; left axes) and OCR in [pmol/(s·ml)] in right axes with safranin (thick red line) and TMRM (thick black line) respectively. Fluorescent signal levels of mtMP with safranin and TMRM [(μM), purple thin lines; left axes] and relative signals, mtMP (au) in right axes with safranin (thick red line) and TMRM (thick black line) are in B and D respectively. Levels of OCR and mtMP are also represented in bar charts in E and F with safranin (red) and TMRM (black) respectively.[2]. Simultaneous evaluation of substrate-dependent oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM and safranin in cortical mitochondria. Biosci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;36(1):e00286.
  • Figure 2. Effect of fluorescent dyes, TMRM and safranin on OCR.OCR is measured in the absence or presence of TMRM (A, C, E) or safranin (B, D, F) with substrates glutamate, pyruvate, malate, ADP, succinate, oligomycin, FCCP (62.5–375 nM). Oxygen concentration levels (nmol/ml) are illustrated in A, B, C and D (blue thin lines; left axes) and OCR in [pmol/(s·ml)] in right axes in the absence (thick red line) or presence (thick black line) of TMRM (A, C) and safranin (B, D). Levels of OCR are also represented in bar charts in E (TMRM) and F (safranin) in the absence (red) and presence (black) of TMRM and safranin respectively. Values are expressed as means ± S.E.M., n=3. *P<0.05 compared with control (unpaired Student's t-test).[2]. Simultaneous evaluation of substrate-dependent oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM and safranin in cortical mitochondria. Biosci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;36(1):e00286.
  • Figure 4. Simultaneous evaluation of OCR and mtMP in the presence of TMRM with substrates Glu + Mal compared with Pyr + Mal.OCR in the presence of TMRM are mentioned in A with substrates glutamate and malate and in C with pyruvate and malate with sequential addition of ADP, oligomycin, FCCP, rotenone and antimycin A (see Figure 1 for details about concentrations of these chemicals). Oxygen concentration levels (nmol/ml) are illustrated in A and C (blue thin lines; left axes) and OCR in [pmol/(s·ml)] in right axes with Glu + Mal (thick red line) and Pyr + Mal (thick black line) respectively. Fluorescent signal levels of mtMP with Glu + Mal and Pyr + Mal [(μM), purple thin lines; left axes] and relative signals, mtMP (au) in right axes with Glu + Mal (thick red line) and Pyr + Mal (thick black line) are in B and D respectively. Levels of OCR and mtMP are also represented in bar charts in E and F with Glu + Mal (red) and Pyr + Mal (black) respectively.[2]. Simultaneous evaluation of substrate-dependent oxygen consumption rates and mitochondrial membrane potential by TMRM and safranin in cortical mitochondria. Biosci Rep. 2015 Dec 8;36(1):e00286.
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