| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| Targets |
Thymus factor X targets the immune system, specifically lymphocyte function. As an aqueous extract from the thymus of a juvenile calf, Thymus factor X serves as a natural stimulator of lymphocyte function. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the maturation and selection of T lymphocytes, which play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. Thymus factor X contains a complex mixture of biologically active components derived from thymic tissue, including thymic hormones, peptides, and other factors that modulate immune function. However, the specific molecular targets of Thymus factor X have not been fully characterized, as the compound is a crude extract rather than a purified single entity. The compound's immunomodulatory effects are likely mediated through multiple pathways involving T cell development and function.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have shown that Thymus factor X stimulates lymphocyte function. As an aqueous extract from the thymus of a juvenile calf, the compound contains a complex mixture of biologically active components that modulate immune cell activity. Thymus factor X is a natural stimulator of lymphocyte function and has been studied for its immunomodulatory properties. The compound's in vitro activity has been characterized in lymphocyte proliferation assays, where it has shown the ability to enhance T cell activation and function. However, specific in vitro activity data such as EC₅0 values or detailed mechanistic studies have not been extensively reported in the available literature. The compound's effects are likely mediated through thymic hormones and other factors present in the extract.
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| ln Vivo |
On day 7, group I's (infected with Trichinella spiralis and treated with thymic factor X, TFX) spleen's proportion of necrotic lymphocytes was nearly identical to that of the control group, but considerably lower than that of the former. the remainder of the trial. Group I's muscle tissue had a percentage of necrotic lymphocytes on day 7 that was approximately the same as the control group, significantly lower on days 14 and 21 (p<0.0002), roughly the same on days 28 and 35, and significantly higher on day 60 (p<0.005) on day 1[1].
Thymus factor X has been studied in vivo for its immunomodulatory effects. The compound is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg in research applications. As an aqueous extract from the thymus of a juvenile calf, Thymus factor X serves as a natural stimulator of lymphocyte function and has been used to study immune modulation in various animal models. The compound's in vivo effects include stimulation of lymphocyte function and modulation of immune responses. However, comprehensive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, as well as detailed reports of specific in vivo studies with outcome measures, are limited in the available literature. The compound has a purity of ≥98% and is soluble in water at ≥50 mg/mL. |
| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assay for Thymus factor X is not well-established, as this compound is a crude aqueous extract from calf thymus rather than a purified single entity. The compound contains a complex mixture of biologically active components, making it difficult to study using conventional enzyme or receptor binding assays. Instead, the biological activity of Thymus factor X is typically assessed using cell-based functional assays. Lymphocyte proliferation assays are commonly used, where lymphocytes are cultured in the presence of Thymus factor X and their proliferation is measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation or by using dyes such as CFSE. Flow cytometry can be used to assess lymphocyte activation markers (such as CD25, CD69) and subpopulation distribution. Cytokine production (such as IL-2, IFN-gamma) can be measured by ELISA to evaluate the compound's immunomodulatory effects.
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| Cell Assay |
The in vitro cell-based assay for Thymus factor X involves culturing lymphocytes and treating them with the compound to assess its immunomodulatory effects. Lymphocytes (such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells or splenocytes) are isolated from blood or tissue samples and cultured in appropriate media at 37degC with 5% CO2. Thymus factor X is added at varying concentrations (typically 0.1-100 ug/mL) for 24-72 hours. Following treatment, lymphocyte proliferation is assessed using 3H-thymidine incorporation or MTT assays. Lymphocyte activation markers (CD25, CD69, CD71) can be analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokine production (IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha) in the culture supernatant can be measured by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays to ensure that observed effects are not due to cytotoxicity. The compound is soluble in water at ≥50 mg/mL.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Thymus factor X have been conducted to evaluate its immunomodulatory effects. The compound is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg in research applications. As an aqueous extract from the thymus of a juvenile calf, Thymus factor X serves as a natural stimulator of lymphocyte function and has been used in various animal models to study immune modulation. Typical animal models include rodents (mice, rats) with induced immune suppression or immunodeficiency. Common endpoints in such studies include evaluation of lymphocyte subpopulations in blood and lymphoid tissues by flow cytometry, assessment of T cell function by proliferation assays, measurement of cytokine levels, and evaluation of overall immune competence. However, comprehensive and detailed reports of specific in vivo studies with outcome measures are limited in the available literature.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Thymus factor X have not been characterized, as this compound is a crude aqueous extract from calf thymus rather than a purified single entity. The compound has a purity of ≥98% and is soluble in water at ≥50 mg/mL. For storage, the compound should be kept at -20degC. Thymus factor X is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg in research applications. However, detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, clearance, and volume of distribution have not been reported due to the complex nature of the extract. The compound's composition includes multiple biologically active components derived from thymic tissue, each with its own pharmacokinetic properties.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Thymus factor X (CAS#: 78310-77-7) is a research-grade immunomodulatory extract with a purity of ≥98%. Also known as TFX-Jelfa, this compound is an aqueous extract derived from the thymus of a juvenile calf and serves as a natural stimulator of lymphocyte function. Thymus factor X is used in research focused on immunomodulation and thymic physiology. The compound is soluble in water at ≥50 mg/mL and is administered subcutaneously at a dose of 15 mg/kg in research applications. It should be stored at -20degC and is intended for research purposes only. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals have been reported for Thymus factor X. As a crude extract containing multiple biologically active components, its mechanism of action involves complex interactions with the immune system.
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| References |
[1]. Piekarska J, et al. Trichinella spiralis: Effect of thymus factor X on apoptosis and necrosis in mice. Exp Parasitol. 2009 Oct;123(2):128-33.
[2]. Skotnicki AB. Therapeutic application of calf thymus extract (TFX). Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1989;6(1):31-43 |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H11N3O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
141.171040773392
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| CAS # |
78310-77-7
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.0837 mL | 35.4183 mL | 70.8366 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4167 mL | 7.0837 mL | 14.1673 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7084 mL | 3.5418 mL | 7.0837 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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