| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
DNA and microbial enzymes. Thymol Iodide exhibits its antimicrobial effect primarily through the release of iodine, which is a potent oxidizing agent. The molecular mechanism involves interaction with DNA and enzymes: the iodinated groups form strong interactions with nucleotides, causing structural changes that inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Iodine also disrupts bacterial cell wall integrity, denatures essential microbial proteins, and interferes with vital cellular processes leading to microbial death.
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| ln Vitro |
Thymol Iodide demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microorganisms, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. As a topical antiseptic, it is effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria responsible for surgical site infections and wound pathogens. Thymol (the parent phenol) induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) through a caspase-3 dependent pathway by increasing ROS levels and inducing mitochondrial membrane potential loss.
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| ln Vivo |
In animal models, the antimicrobial efficacy of thymol iodide has been assessed using polymeric iodophor formulations (e.g., AV-PVP-Thymol-I2) that demonstrate significant reduction in microbial load on wound surfaces. It has been used in veterinary medicine as a mild topical antiseptic. In a rabbit model of interstitial keratitis, thymol iodide was used as an alternative to iodoform. It shows potential for treating leg ulcers and decubiti due to its absorbent and antiseptic properties.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free microbial enzyme inhibition is evaluated using a panel of bacterial and fungal strains (e.g., S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans). The compound is dissolved in DMSO (final DMSO ≤1%) and serially diluted in Mueller-Hinton broth (bacteria) or RPMI-1640 (fungi). A standardized microbial suspension (0.5 McFarland standard, ~1-5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL) is added to 96-well plates containing varying concentrations of Thymol Iodide (0.01-1000 microg/mL). Plates are incubated at 35degC for 18-24 hours (bacteria) or 24-48 hours (fungi). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by visual inspection or spectrophotometric measurement (OD600) as the lowest concentration inhibiting visible growth.
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| Cell Assay |
Human skin fibroblasts (HFF-1) or keratinocytes (HaCaT) are cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. Cells are seeded in 96-well plates (1 × 10⁴ cells/well) and treated with varying concentrations of Thymol Iodide (0.1-1000 microM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is measured using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assay. For apoptosis assessment, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells are treated with thymol (the parent active) and apoptosis is quantified by Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry and caspase-3/9 activity assays. ROS generation is measured using the DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.
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| Animal Protocol |
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) are used in a full-thickness excision wound model. A 2-cm diameter full-thickness skin wound is created on the dorsal region under anesthesia. Animals are randomized (n=6 per group) and treated with topical Thymol Iodide (1-5% powder or ointment formulation), vehicle, or standard antiseptic (e.g., povidone-iodine) once daily for 7-14 days. Wound area is measured every 2-3 days using digital calipers, and percent wound contraction is calculated. At termination, skin tissues are excised for histology (H&E for re-epithelialization, Masson's trichrome for collagen deposition) and microbial culture to assess bacterial load (CFU/g tissue).
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Thymol Iodide is a topical agent, and its systemic absorption is minimal due to poor water solubility and limited skin penetration. The compound acts primarily as a slow-release iodine source on the skin/mucosal surface. When applied to broken skin, small amounts of iodine may be absorbed systemically, which is then distributed and excreted primarily in urine. The parent compound thymol undergoes Phase II metabolism (glucuronidation) and is eliminated via renal excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Thymol Iodide has low acute toxicity when applied topically. The LD50 in rodents is >2000 mg/kg for dermal exposure. Skin irritation may occur at higher concentrations. Prolonged use can cause local skin reactions including staining, irritation, and allergic contact dermatitis. Systemic iodine toxicity (metabolic acidosis, renal impairment) is unlikely with topical use unless applied to large, denuded areas for extended periods. Iodide is contraindicated in patients with iodine hypersensitivity.
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| Additional Infomation |
Thymol Iodide is not FDA-approved as a commercial pharmaceutical in the US but remains available as a compounded drug product. It is used in dentistry and dermatology for conditions such as onychomycosis and pseudomonas nail infections. A survey indicated that 75% of medical professionals who compounded it did so due to lack of suitable commercial formulations. It is a chemical standard and a mild antiseptic tool for microbiology and topical formulation research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C20H24O2I2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
550.21136
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| Exact Mass |
549.987
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| CAS # |
552-22-7
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| PubChem CID |
11088
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| Appearance |
REDDISH-BROWN OR REDDISH-YELLOW BULKY POWDER
RED-BROWN CRYSTALS |
| Density |
1.617g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
69ºC
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| Flash Point |
STABILITY
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| Index of Refraction |
1.616
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| LogP |
7.674
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
352
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC(C)C1=CC(=C(C)C=C1OI)C2=C(C)C=C(C(=C2)C(C)C)OI
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| InChi Key |
SHOKWSLXDAIZPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C20H24I2O2/c1-11(2)15-9-17(13(5)7-19(15)23-21)18-10-16(12(3)4)20(24-22)8-14(18)6/h7-12H,1-6H3
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| Chemical Name |
[4-(4-iodooxy-2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylphenyl)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylphenyl] hypoiodite
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL
Ethanol :< 1 mg/mL H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.8175 mL | 9.0874 mL | 18.1749 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3635 mL | 1.8175 mL | 3.6350 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1817 mL | 0.9087 mL | 1.8175 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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