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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
TAPSO does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is a biological buffer rather than a drug. Its function is to maintain stable pH conditions in biochemical and cell biology experiments. As a zwitterionic compound, TAPSO acts as both a proton donor and acceptor to stabilize pH in the range of 7.0-8.2. The compound's low metal chelating capability minimizes artifacts in metalloenzyme assays. TAPSO produces minimal α-CT catalytic enhancement compared to TRIS, ensuring accurate kinetic measurements. Its high water solubility and low cell membrane permeability are characteristic of Good's buffers. The buffer's well-characterized stability constants for Cd, Zn, Ni, and Co enable accurate metal speciation modeling. TAPSO remains soluble at 1.00 M at 0°C, enabling stable 10× stock solutions at 4°C.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, TAPSO is used as a buffering agent in various biochemical assays, particularly those requiring pH control in the physiological range of 7.4-7.8. The buffer is suitable for cell culture applications, enzyme activity assays, and protein purification experiments. Its minimal metal complexation makes it ideal for metalloenzyme assays where metal ion interactions with the buffer could interfere with activity measurements. TAPSO's low UV absorbance ensures minimal optical interference in spectrophotometric assays. The compound has been used in studies of hydrogen ion buffers for biological research. Its high solubility allows for the preparation of concentrated stock solutions without precipitation. The buffer is compatible with most biological systems and does not interfere with enzymatic reactions.
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| ln Vivo |
TAPSO is not used as a therapeutic agent and has no established in vivo pharmacological activity. Its primary application is as a laboratory buffer for in vitro experiments. The compound is used in cell culture media to maintain physiological pH. In research settings, TAPSO is employed in studies requiring precise pH control in the physiological range. The buffer's compatibility with biological systems makes it suitable for various applications where pH stability is critical. TAPSO is not administered to animals for therapeutic purposes but is used in the preparation of solutions for biological experiments. Its role is limited to maintaining pH homeostasis in experimental systems rather than exerting any direct biological effect.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro experiments using TAPSO involve preparing buffer solutions at the desired pH (range 7.0-8.2) by dissolving the appropriate amount of TAPSO in deionized water. The buffer is typically used at concentrations of 10-50 mM depending on the application. For cell culture applications, TAPSO is added to culture media at 10-25 mM to maintain pH 7.4-7.8. For enzyme assays, TAPSO buffer is used to prepare substrate solutions and reaction mixtures. The buffer's low UV absorbance makes it suitable for spectrophotometric analysis. For metal speciation studies, TAPSO solutions are prepared at various concentrations and metal-binding constants are determined using potentiometric or spectroscopic methods. Stock solutions (10×) can be prepared at 1.00 M and stored at 4°C.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using TAPSO involve its incorporation into cell culture media to maintain physiological pH. The compound is dissolved in cell culture medium at concentrations of 10-25 mM, and the pH is adjusted to 7.4-7.8. For studies requiring precise pH control, TAPSO provides robust buffering in the range where HEPES loses capacity. Cells are cultured in TAPSO-buffered media under standard conditions (37°C, 5% CO2). For metalloenzyme studies, TAPSO's minimal metal complexation ensures accurate measurement of enzyme activity without buffer interference. The buffer can be used in cell viability assays, proliferation studies, and other cell-based experiments where pH stability is critical. TAPSO is compatible with most cell types and does not affect cell viability at standard concentrations.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments using TAPSO are not typical as the compound is a research buffer rather than a therapeutic agent. However, TAPSO-buffered solutions may be used in animal studies for the administration of other compounds where pH control is critical. When used in animal studies, TAPSO would be formulated as a buffered saline solution for injection or oral administration. The compound's primary role is to maintain pH stability in administered solutions rather than to exert any pharmacological effect. Researchers may use TAPSO-buffered solutions in animal experiments where pH control is essential for the stability of co-administered compounds or for maintaining physiological conditions during procedures. The buffer's compatibility with biological systems makes it suitable for such applications.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a biological buffer, TAPSO does not have established pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. When used in in vitro experiments, the compound remains in the buffer solution and does not undergo metabolic transformation. In cell culture applications, TAPSO helps maintain extracellular pH without being significantly taken up by cells. The compound's zwitterionic nature and low cell membrane permeability limit its cellular uptake. TAPSO is highly water soluble, with a solubility of ≥0.333 g/mL in warm water. For long-term storage, the powder is kept at room temperature in a cool, dark place. Stock solutions (1 M) can be prepared and stored at 4°C for extended periods.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
TAPSO is generally considered to have low toxicity as a biological buffer. The compound is not intended for human or veterinary use and is classified for research purposes only. Safety data sheets indicate that standard laboratory handling precautions should be followed, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions. Acute toxicity data are limited, but as a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffer, it is not expected to be highly toxic. In cell culture applications, TAPSO is used at concentrations that are compatible with cell viability and growth. The compound is not classified as a hazardous substance under standard regulatory criteria.
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| Additional Infomation |
TAPSO (CAS 68399-81-5) is a member of the Good's buffer family, named after Norman Good who developed these zwitterionic buffers for biological research. The compound's chemical name is 3-[N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid. TAPSO has a pKa of 7.6-7.7 at 25°C and a useful pH range of 7.0-8.2. The buffer precisely targets physiological pH 7.4-7.8 where HEPES loses capacity. Key advantages include robust buffering through pH 7.4-7.8, well-characterized stability constants for Cd, Zn, Ni, Co enabling accurate metal speciation modeling, and minimal α-CT catalytic enhancement versus TRIS. TAPSO remains soluble at 1.00 M at 0°C, enabling stable 10× stock solutions at 4°C. The compound is available in molecular biology grade with purity >98%. The buffer is widely used in biochemical and biological research as a Good's buffer component.
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| Molecular Formula |
C7H17NO7S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
259.2774
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| Exact Mass |
259.072
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| CAS # |
68399-81-5
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| Related CAS # |
TAPSO sodium;105140-25-8
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| PubChem CID |
109334
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
224-229 °C (dec.)
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| Index of Refraction |
1.598
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| LogP |
-2.64
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
273
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S(C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])N([H])C(C([H])([H])O[H])(C([H])([H])O[H])C([H])([H])O[H])O[H])(=O)(=O)O[H]
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| InChi Key |
RZQXOGQSPBYUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H17NO7S/c9-3-7(4-10,5-11)8-1-6(12)2-16(13,14)15/h6,8-12H,1-5H2,(H,13,14,15)
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| Chemical Name |
3-[[1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl]amino]-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8568 mL | 19.2842 mL | 38.5683 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7714 mL | 3.8568 mL | 7.7137 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3857 mL | 1.9284 mL | 3.8568 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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