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| Targets |
TAPS does not have a specific pharmacological target as it is a biological buffer. Its function is to maintain a stable pH in biological and biochemical systems. As a zwitterionic buffer, it can act as both a proton donor and acceptor, resisting changes in pH when acids or bases are added. Its pKa of 8.3-8.5 makes it particularly useful for applications requiring pH control in the alkaline range (pH 7.7-9.1). The buffer is compatible with most biological systems and does not interfere with enzymatic reactions or cell growth.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, TAPS is used as a buffering agent in various biochemical and cell biology applications. It is commonly used in electrophoresis as a running buffer for the separation of proteins and nucleic acids. It is also used in cell culture media to maintain pH for cell growth. In protein purification, it is used in various chromatographic steps. The buffer's pKa of 8.3-8.5 makes it suitable for applications requiring pH control in the alkaline range. It is also used in diagnostic reagent formulations.
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| ln Vivo |
TAPS is not used as a therapeutic agent and has no established in vivo pharmacological activity. Its primary application is as a laboratory buffer for in vitro experiments and biopharmaceutical formulations. The compound is used in cell culture media, diagnostic reagents, and electrophoresis buffers. It is not administered to animals for therapeutic purposes but is used in the preparation of solutions for biological experiments. Its role is limited to maintaining pH homeostasis in experimental systems.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro experiments using TAPS involve preparing buffer solutions at the desired pH. The buffer is typically used at concentrations of 10-50 mM. For cell culture applications, TAPS is added to culture media at 10-25 mM to maintain pH. For electrophoresis, it is used in the gel and running buffers. For protein purification, it is used in various chromatographic steps. The buffer is soluble in water and is typically stored as a powder at room temperature. The pH of the buffer solution can be adjusted with acid or base as needed.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using TAPS involve its incorporation into cell culture media to maintain physiological pH. The compound is dissolved in cell culture medium at concentrations of 10-25 mM. Cells are cultured in TAPS-buffered media under standard conditions. The buffer is compatible with most cell types and does not affect cell viability at standard concentrations. For studies requiring precise pH control in the alkaline range, TAPS provides effective buffering. The compound is also used in diagnostic reagent formulations.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments using TAPS are not typical as the compound is a research buffer rather than a therapeutic agent. However, TAPS-buffered solutions may be used in animal studies for the administration of other compounds where pH control is critical. When used in animal studies, TAPS would be formulated as a buffered saline solution for injection or oral administration. The compound's primary role is to maintain pH stability in administered solutions rather than to exert any pharmacological effect.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a biological buffer, TAPS does not have established pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. When used in in vitro experiments, the compound remains in the buffer solution and does not undergo metabolic transformation. In cell culture applications, TAPS helps maintain extracellular pH without being significantly taken up by cells. The compound's zwitterionic nature and low cell membrane permeability limit its cellular uptake. For long-term storage, the compound is kept at room temperature in a dry place.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
TAPS is generally considered to have low toxicity as a biological buffer. The compound is not intended for human or veterinary use and is classified for research purposes only. Safety data sheets indicate that standard laboratory handling precautions should be followed, including the use of appropriate personal protective equipment. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions. Acute toxicity data are limited, but as a zwitterionic buffer, it is not expected to be highly toxic. In cell culture applications, TAPS is used at concentrations that are compatible with cell viability and growth.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid is an organic sulfonic acid.
TAPS (CAS 29915-38-6) is a zwitterionic buffer used in biochemistry and molecular biology. It has the molecular formula C7H17NO6S and a molecular weight of 243.28 g/mol. TAPS has a pKa of 8.3-8.5 at 25°C and is effective in the pH range of 7.7-9.1. It is a white powder and is soluble in water. TAPS is used in various biological applications, including electrophoresis, where it serves as a running buffer for the separation of proteins and nucleic acids. It is also used in cell culture media and diagnostic reagent formulations. The compound is stored at room temperature and is intended for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C7H17NO6S
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| Molecular Weight |
243.2780
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| Exact Mass |
243.077
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| CAS # |
29915-38-6
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| PubChem CID |
121591
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
230-235 °C (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
110 °C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.561
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| LogP |
-2.4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
247
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
YNLCVAQJIKOXER-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C7H17NO6S/c9-4-7(5-10,6-11)8-2-1-3-15(12,13)14/h8-11H,1-6H2,(H,12,13,14)
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| Chemical Name |
3-[[1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl]amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.1105 mL | 20.5524 mL | 41.1049 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.8221 mL | 4.1105 mL | 8.2210 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4110 mL | 2.0552 mL | 4.1105 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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