| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg | |||
| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Sulfo-GMBS has no biological target; it is a chemical crosslinker. Its “targets” are reactive chemical groups on proteins: primary amines (-NH2) and thiols (-SH). By reacting with these groups, it forms stable amide and thioether bonds, respectively. The two reactive groups are separated by a spacer arm of approximately 7.3 Angstrom. This allows the creation of protein-protein or protein-peptide conjugates without altering the biological activity of the target protein, as long as the conjugation sites are not critical for function.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Sulfo-GMBS is highly efficient for conjugating haptens to carrier proteins (e.g., KLH, BSA) for antibody production. For example, it has been used to link a cysteine-containing peptide to keyhole limpet hemocyanin with >90% conjugation efficiency. Compared to other crosslinkers (e.g., SMCC, Sulfo-SMCC), Sulfo-GMBS produces fewer high molecular weight aggregates and higher recovery of monomeric conjugates. It also shows minimal cross-reactivity with other amino acids (e.g., tyrosine, histidine) due to its specificity.
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| ln Vivo |
Not applicable; Sulfo-GMBS is used exclusively as an in vitro chemical reagent. It is not administered to animals for therapeutic purposes. However, its non-sulfonated analog (GMBS) has been used to prepare immunotoxins (e.g., for cancer research) that are later injected in vivo, but Sulfo-GMBS itself is membrane-impermeable and thus not suitable for systemic in vivo use.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Standard in vitro conjugation protocol: Dissolve Sulfo-GMBS in ice-cold water or PBS (pH 7.2) to 10 mM. Mix with the amine-containing protein (e.g., BSA, 5 mg/mL) at a molar ratio of 5:1 to 20:1 (crosslinker:protein) on ice for 30-60 minutes. Remove excess crosslinker by desalting column. Then adjust pH to 6.5-7.0, add the thiol-containing peptide (e.g., cysteine-tagged peptide) and incubate for 2 hours at room temperature. Conjugation efficiency is analyzed by SDS-PAGE or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-surface labeling: Cultured cells (e.g., HEK293T) are washed with ice-cold PBS. Sulfo-GMBS (1-5 mM in PBS, pH 7.2) is added and incubated on ice for 30 minutes. The reaction is quenched with 50 mM Tris (pH 7.5). Cells are then lysed with RIPA buffer, and the conjugated membrane proteins can be immunoprecipitated using an antibody against the peptide tag. The crosslinked complex is detected by Western blot. This method is used to study protein-protein interactions on the cell surface.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable for in vivo therapy. However, for ex vivo conjugation prior to animal injection: A therapeutic protein or antibody is conjugated to a drug (via a cysteine residue) using Sulfo-GMBS in a test tube. After purification, the conjugate is administered to animals (e.g., mice) to evaluate ADC efficacy. In such cases, the crosslinker is not present in the final formulation, only the conjugate. No direct animal study is performed with free Sulfo-GMBS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable for in vivo PK. Sulfo-GMBS is highly reactive and hydrolyzes rapidly in aqueous solution (half-life ~1-2 hours at pH 7.0, 25degC). It does not enter cells or systemic circulation because the sulfonate group imparts negative charge and water solubility, preventing passive diffusion. It is rapidly hydrolyzed to non-reactive byproducts (sulfo-NHS and maleimidobutyric acid) in aqueous environments.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Sulfo-GMBS is considered an irritant and sensitizer due to its reactive groups. In animal testing of similar NHS-ester crosslinkers, acute dermal exposure causes mild to moderate irritation; inhalation may cause respiratory tract irritation. It is not mutagenic in Ames tests. Standard lab safety: use fume hood, gloves, goggles. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Dispose of as hazardous chemical waste. No long-term toxicity studies are available because it is a reagent, not a drug candidate.
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| Additional Infomation |
Sulfo-GMBS is a key reagent in bioconjugation, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) development, and vaccine synthesis. Unlike its non-sulfonated analog GMBS, it does not require DMSO for dissolution and does not cross cell membranes, making it superior for cell-surface labeling. It is not approved as a pharmaceutical, but it is widely used in research and GMP manufacturing of ADCs (e.g., as a linker reagent). No clinical trials exist for the linker itself.
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| Molecular Formula |
C12H11N2NAO9S
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
382.2785
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| Exact Mass |
382.008
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| CAS # |
185332-92-7
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| PubChem CID |
23683309
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
737
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
S(C1([H])C(N(C(C1([H])[H])=O)OC(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])N1C(C([H])=C([H])C1=O)=O)=O)=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
ULARYIUTHAWJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H12N2O9S.Na/c15-8-3-4-9(16)13(8)5-1-2-11(18)23-14-10(17)6-7(12(14)19)24(20,21)22;/h3-4,7H,1-2,5-6H2,(H,20,21,22);/q;+1/p-1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;1-[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)butanoyloxy]-2,5-dioxopyrrolidine-3-sulfonate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~125 mg/mL (~326.99 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6159 mL | 13.0794 mL | 26.1588 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5232 mL | 2.6159 mL | 5.2318 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2616 mL | 1.3079 mL | 2.6159 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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