| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Sulfamethoxazole sodium targets the bacterial folate synthesis pathway, specifically dihydropteroate synthetase and dihydropteroate reductase. The compound inhibits bacterial folate metabolism by competing with 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) for binding to dihydropteroate synthetase. Sulfonamides inhibit the enzymatic conversion of pteridine and PABA to dihydropteroic acid, an intermediate of tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) synthesis. By blocking folate synthesis, the compound deprives bacteria of the folate cofactors essential for nucleic acid and protein synthesis, leading to bacteriostatic effects. Sulfamethoxazole sodium is effective against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Sulfamethoxazole sodium demonstrates widespread antibacterial activity against various urinary tract pathogens. The compound is commonly used in combination with Trimethoprim for the study of urinary tract infections. Sulfamethoxazole sodium inhibits bacterial growth by blocking folate synthesis through competition with PABA for dihydropteroate synthetase. The compound's antibacterial activity is assessed using standard broth microdilution or agar diffusion methods according to CLSI guidelines. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined for various bacterial strains. The combination with Trimethoprim provides synergistic antibacterial activity, making it effective against a wide range of pathogens.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Sulfamethoxazole sodium is used as a sulfonamide antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial infections. It is effective against bacteria causing urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis. In combination with Trimethoprim, it is considered the gold standard in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). The compound is also used in the study of various urinary tract pathogens. Sulfamethoxazole sodium's water-soluble salt form facilitates parenteral administration and rapid absorption. The compound's in vivo efficacy depends on its ability to achieve therapeutic concentrations in target tissues and its activity against the infecting pathogen.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding (non-cellular) assays for Sulfamethoxazole sodium involve measuring inhibition of dihydropteroate synthetase enzymatic activity. The assay typically uses a cell-free system containing the enzyme, substrate (pteridine and PABA), and varying concentrations of the compound. The conversion of pteridine and PABA to dihydropteroic acid is measured spectrophotometrically or by HPLC. IC₅₀ values are calculated from concentration-response curves. The compound competes with PABA for binding to the enzyme, and its inhibitory activity is reversed by the presence of excess PABA. These assays help characterize the compound's mechanism of action and potency against the bacterial folate synthesis pathway.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments with Sulfamethoxazole sodium are performed using various bacterial strains to assess antibacterial activity. Bacteria are cultured in appropriate media (e.g., Mueller-Hinton broth) and treated with varying concentrations of the compound, alone or in combination with Trimethoprim. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) are determined using broth microdilution or agar dilution methods according to CLSI or EUCAST guidelines. Bacterial growth is measured by optical density or by colony counting on agar plates. The combination with Trimethoprim provides synergistic activity, and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) is calculated to assess synergy. Cells are incubated at 35-37°C for 16-24 hours.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with Sulfamethoxazole sodium are performed in models of bacterial infection, particularly urinary tract infections. Rodents are infected with uropathogenic bacteria via intravesical or intravenous inoculation, and treated with Sulfamethoxazole sodium alone or in combination with Trimethoprim via oral or parenteral administration. Efficacy is assessed by measuring bacterial burden in urine, bladder, and kidneys, as well as survival rates and clinical signs of infection. Pharmacokinetic studies assess the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in animals. The combination with Trimethoprim provides enhanced efficacy and reduced resistance development.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Sulfamethoxazole sodium are derived from the parent compound Sulfamethoxazole. The compound has molecular formula C₁₀H₁₀N₃NaO₃S and molecular weight 275.26. It appears as a white or creamy white crystalline powder and is slightly soluble in water. Sulfamethoxazole is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations reached within 2-4 hours. It is extensively bound to plasma proteins (approximately 70%) and has a half-life of approximately 10 hours. The compound is metabolized in the liver by acetylation and glucuronidation and is excreted primarily in urine. Storage: 2-8°C.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological information for Sulfamethoxazole sodium indicates that the compound is a sulfonamide antibiotic with a well-established safety profile. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, allergic reactions (skin rashes, Stevens-Johnson syndrome), and hematological effects (agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia). The compound should be used with caution in patients with sulfonamide allergy, renal impairment, or hepatic dysfunction. As a research compound, Sulfamethoxazole sodium should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including use of personal protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles, lab coat) and working in a well-ventilated area. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for clinical use.
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| Additional Infomation |
Sulfamethoxazole sodium (CAS 4563-84-2) is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic antibiotic belonging to the sulfanilamide family. It has molecular formula C₁₀H₁₀N₃NaO₃S and molecular weight 275.26. Sulfamethoxazole sodium is a water-soluble salt form of Sulfamethoxazole, commonly used in microbiology and biomedical research. It is effective against bacteria causing urinary tract infections, bronchitis, and prostatitis. Sulfamethoxazole sodium is most widely used in combination with Trimethoprim for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), considered the gold standard in UTI treatment. The compound appears as a white or creamy white crystalline powder. Storage: 2-8°C.
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| Molecular Formula |
C10H11N3O3S.NA
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| Molecular Weight |
276.26744
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| Exact Mass |
275.034
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| CAS # |
4563-84-2
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| Related CAS # |
Sulfamethoxazole;723-46-6;Sulfamethoxazole-13C6;1196157-90-0
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| PubChem CID |
15899900
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
3.014
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
352
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=CC([N-]S(=O)(C2=CC=C(N)C=C2)=O)=NO1.[Na+]
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| InChi Key |
LARLNXOUTTUXPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H10N3O3S.Na/c1-7-6-10(12-16-7)13-17(14,15)9-4-2-8(11)3-5-9;/h2-6H,11H2,1H3;/q-1;+1
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| Chemical Name |
sodium;(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl-(5-methyl-1,2-oxazol-3-yl)azanide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6196 mL | 18.0982 mL | 36.1965 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7239 mL | 3.6196 mL | 7.2393 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3620 mL | 1.8098 mL | 3.6196 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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