| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Sudan III does not have a specific pharmacological target; it is a histological stain used to visualize lipids and fats in biological samples. As a lysochrome, it partitions into lipid-rich regions, allowing for the visualization of neutral lipids, triglycerides, and lipoproteins under a microscope. Its staining properties are based on its high affinity for hydrophobic environments.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Sudan III turns blue when it comes into contact with a small amount of sulfuric acid. The best acetonitrile solution to observe the discoloration phenomenon is Sudan III's solution. Studies using H-NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy have demonstrated that Sudan III's discoloration process in response to sulfuric acid is caused by the acid protonating the dye [1].
In vitro, Sudan III is used for staining lipids, triglycerides, and intracellular lipoproteins in frozen sections and other biological specimens. It is also used for coloring textiles, plastics, wax, floor polish, varnish, spirit lacquers, and externally applied drugs. Its staining properties make it a valuable tool in histology and pathology. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Sudan III is not used as a therapeutic agent; it is a research and industrial dye. It is used in food products as an analytical reference standard for the quantification of the analyte using different chromatography techniques. However, its use in food is regulated due to potential toxicity concerns.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not typically performed for Sudan III as it does not have a specific enzymatic target. Its activity is assessed by its staining properties in histological applications. The dye is applied to tissue sections or cell smears, and the intensity and distribution of staining are evaluated microscopically.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cell-based assays, Sudan III is dissolved in organic solvents such as acetone or ethanol and applied to cultured cells or tissue sections at concentrations ranging from 0.1-1%. The staining of lipid droplets is visualized using light microscopy. The dye's ability to stain lipids is assessed by comparing stained samples with unstained controls.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for Sudan III are typically toxicological or absorption studies. The compound is administered orally or dermally to rodents at doses ranging from 100-1000 mg/kg. The effects on tissue distribution, metabolism, and toxicity are evaluated. However, detailed in vivo data for Sudan III are not extensively published in the public domain.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Sudan III has a molecular formula of C₂₂H₁₆N₄O and a molecular weight of 352.39 g/mol. It is an orange to brown to dark red powder with a maximum absorbance of 511.0 to 515.0 nm in chloroform. It is soluble in organic solvents and is typically stored at room temperature.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Sudan III is considered to have a manageable toxicity profile. However, as an azo dye, it may have carcinogenic potential, and appropriate safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. Inhalation and ingestion should be avoided.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sudan III is a bis(azo) compound formed by replacing 2-naphthol at the 1-position with a 4-{[(2-methylphenyl)diazo]phenyl}diazo group. It is a lipid-soluble dye primarily used for staining triglycerides in frozen sections, but may also stain certain protein-bound lipids in paraffin sections. It can be used as a fluorescent dye, histological dye, and carcinogen. It belongs to the azobenzene, bis(azo), and naphthol classes. Its function is related to 2-naphthol.
See also: Sudan IV (note moved here). Sudan III is a synthetic azo dye used as a histological stain for lipids and as a coloring agent in various industrial applications. It is also known as Solvent Red 23 or C.I. 26100. Sudan III is not approved for clinical use and is intended for research and industrial use only. It is supplied by various chemical suppliers for non-human use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H16N4O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
352.39
|
| Exact Mass |
352.132
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| CAS # |
85-86-9
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| Related CAS # |
Sudan III-d6;1014689-17-8
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| PubChem CID |
62331
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
584.6±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
199 °C (dec.)(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
398.1±15.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.662
|
| LogP |
5.74
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
508
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
FHNINJWBTRXEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H16N4O/c27-21-15-10-16-6-4-5-9-20(16)22(21)26-25-19-13-11-18(12-14-19)24-23-17-7-2-1-3-8-17/h1-15,27H
|
| Chemical Name |
1-[(4-phenyldiazenylphenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-2-ol
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| Synonyms |
D & C Red #17; Sudan III; C.I. Solvent Red 23
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~2.27 mg/mL (~6.44 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8378 mL | 14.1888 mL | 28.3776 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5676 mL | 2.8378 mL | 5.6755 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2838 mL | 1.4189 mL | 2.8378 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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