| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Streptonigrin targets DNA and topoisomerase II. It complexes with DNA and topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA cleavage and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA synthesis. It also acts as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and causes free radical-mediated cellular damage. Streptonigrin inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, causes DNA strand breaks after reduction with NADH, induces unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA adducts, and inhibits topoisomerase II. It is a bioreductive agent that depends on interactions with metal ions, notably iron, and plays a role in free radical production through redox cycling of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Streptonigrin inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis and causes DNA strand breaks. It inhibits β-Catenin/Tcf signaling and shows cytotoxicity in β-catenin-activated cells. Its activity is typically measured using cell-based assays that assess DNA synthesis, cell viability, and apoptosis. The compound's ability to cause free radical-mediated cellular damage is also studied in vitro.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Streptonigrin has been used in advanced carcinoma, but its use is limited by its toxicity, including leukopenia. It has been studied for its potential as an antineoplastic agent. However, specific in vivo protocols and results are not detailed in standard product descriptions. The compound's genotoxicity has been reviewed, indicating its potential for clinical chemotherapy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for Streptonigrin measure its inhibition of topoisomerase II and its effects on DNA. Topoisomerase II is incubated with DNA in the presence of varying concentrations of Streptonigrin. DNA cleavage is measured, and the IC50 is determined. DNA synthesis assays measure the incorporation of labeled nucleotides into DNA in the presence of the compound. These assays confirm the compound's mechanism of action as a DNA-damaging agent.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for Streptonigrin are used to study its cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Cancer cells are treated with the compound, and cell viability is assessed using assays such as MTT or CellTiter-Glo. DNA damage is assessed by measuring the formation of DNA adducts or by using the comet assay. Apoptosis is measured using Annexin V staining or caspase-3/7 activation assays. These assays confirm the compound's antineoplastic activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Streptonigrin are not extensively described in the available literature. As an antineoplastic agent, it has been studied in animal models of cancer. However, specific protocols for Streptonigrin are not detailed. Its use is limited by its toxicity, including leukopenia.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Streptonigrin has a molecular weight of 506.5 g/mol and a molecular formula of C25H22N4O8. It has a CAS number of 3930-19-6. It is a solid compound. For storage, it is recommended to keep the powder at -20°C. Detailed pharmacokinetic properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) have not been extensively characterized.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Streptonigrin is a toxic compound. It causes leukopenia. As a DNA-damaging agent, it has genotoxic and carcinogenic potential. It should be handled with extreme caution using appropriate safety measures. Its use is limited to research applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Streptomycin is a complex cytotoxic antibiotic extracted from Streptomyces flocculus or Streptomyces rufochronmogenus. It is used to treat advanced cancer and can cause leukopenia. It has antibacterial and antitumor effects. Streptomycin is a quinolone compound belonging to the pyridine class. Streptomycin has been reported to exist in Streptomyces and Streptomyces albus, and relevant data are available. Streptomycin is an aminoquinone antitumor antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces flocculus. Streptomycin forms a complex with DNA and topoisomerase II, leading to DNA breaks and inhibiting DNA replication and RNA synthesis. This drug can also act as a reverse transcriptase inhibitor and cause free radical-mediated cell damage. (NCI04)
A complex cytotoxic antibiotic extracted from Streptomyces flocculus or Streptomyces rufochronmogenus. It is used to treat advanced cancer and can cause leukopenia. Streptonigrin is a research compound and is not approved for any clinical or therapeutic use. It is a complex cytotoxic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces flocculus. It is an aminoquinone antineoplastic antibiotic that complexes with DNA and topoisomerase II, resulting in DNA cleavage and inhibition of DNA replication and RNA synthesis. It has been used in advanced carcinoma but is limited by its toxicity. Streptonigrin is a valuable research tool for studying DNA damage, topoisomerase II inhibition, and free radical-mediated cellular damage. |
| Molecular Formula |
C25H22N4O8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
506.47
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| Exact Mass |
506.144
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 59.29; H, 4.38; N, 11.06; O, 25.27
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| CAS # |
3930-19-6
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| Related CAS # |
1079893-79-0 (racemate);3930-19-6 (R-isomer);197730-37-3 (S-isomer);
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| PubChem CID |
5298
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| Appearance |
Light brown to brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.54g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
719ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
301-303℃
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| Flash Point |
388.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.716
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| LogP |
3.599
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
4
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
37
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| Complexity |
944
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CC1=C(C(=C(N=C1C(=O)O)C2=NC3=C(C=C2)C(=O)C(=C(C3=O)N)OC)N)C4=C(C(=C(C=C4)OC)OC)O
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| InChi Key |
PVYJZLYGTZKPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C25H22N4O8/c1-9-14(10-6-8-13(35-2)23(36-3)20(10)30)15(26)19(29-17(9)25(33)34)12-7-5-11-18(28-12)22(32)16(27)24(37-4)21(11)31/h5-8,30H,26-27H2,1-4H3,(H,33,34)
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| Chemical Name |
5-amino-6-(7-amino-6-methoxy-5,8-dioxoquinolin-2-yl)-4-(2-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-methylpyridine-2-carboxylic acid
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| Synonyms |
Bruneomycin; NSC 4538; NSC 56748; streptonigrin; Bruneomycin; Rufocromomycin; 3930-19-6; NSC 83950; Streptonigrin; Valacidin; AO 50165L30; Nigrin Rufocromomycin; SN; STP Streptonigran.
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.9745 mL | 9.8723 mL | 19.7445 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3949 mL | 1.9745 mL | 3.9489 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1974 mL | 0.9872 mL | 1.9745 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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