| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 2mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: ≥98%
| Targets |
Spinosad Factor A acts as an agonist of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), which differ both structurally and functionally from nAChRs in vertebrates. As a result, it has low affinity for vertebrate nAChRs and limited adverse effects in those animals. The primary mode of action is the excitation of neurons in the central nervous system, causing involuntary muscle contractions and tremors. It may also affect GABA receptor function.
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| ln Vitro |
Two naturally occurring macrolides, spinosyn A and spinosyn D, are combined to form spinosyn, which predominantly functions as a nAChR agonist [2].
In vitro, Spinosad Factor A functions as a nAChR agonist. Its activity is characterized by potent agonism at insect nAChRs, which are distinct from vertebrate nAChRs. The compound shows selective activity against a wide variety of insect pest species, especially lepidopteran and dipteran insects. Compared to pyrethroids, Spinosyn A penetrates more slowly into insects but is not easily metabolized once inside. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Spinosad Factor A is a major component of the insecticide Spinosad, which is effective against a variety of pests. It has larvicidal activity and activity on adult insects and eggs. Its mechanism of action is unique; studies have shown that the functions of nicotinic receptors and GABA receptors are altered in a novel way. Spinosad kills insects quickly with a speed comparable to most neurotoxic insecticides.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays for Spinosad Factor A typically involve measuring its binding to insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The compound acts as an agonist of insect nAChRs, which differ structurally and functionally from vertebrate nAChRs. Binding assays using insect membrane preparations can be performed to determine the affinity. These assays confirm its mechanism of action as an insect nAChR agonist.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Spinosad Factor A typically involve treating insect cell lines or neurons with the compound and measuring nAChR activation or neuronal excitation. The compound acts as an agonist of insect nAChRs, causing excitation of neurons in the central nervous system. These cell-based studies demonstrate its functional activity as an insect nAChR agonist and its effects on neuronal signaling.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for Spinosad Factor A typically involve insect pest species such as lepidopteran and dipteran insects to evaluate its insecticidal efficacy. The compound is applied topically or orally, and mortality rates are assessed. Spinosad Factor A has larvicidal activity and activity on adult insects and eggs. These studies provide evidence for its in vivo insecticidal efficacy.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
...Dairy cows were fed 28 days of diet with echinocin at doses of 0, 1, 3, and 10 μg/g. Chickens were fed 42 days of diet with doses of echinocin at doses of 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1, and 5 μg/g. Milk, egg, and tissue samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and/or immunoassay. Echinocin residues were detected in all sample types, but the lowest residues were found in eggs, skim milk, and lean meat, while the highest residues were found in fat. /Echinocin/ Echinocin is rapidly absorbed and widely metabolized. Oral administration of echinocin A and D to rats showed no significant differences in bioavailability, excretion pathway, excretion rate, or metabolism. Furthermore, repeated administration did not affect the excretion pathway or rate. Spinosad Factor A has a molecular formula of C41H65NO10 and a molecular weight of 731.96. Its CAS number is 131929-60-7. The compound is a white to off-white solid powder with a melting point of 84-99.5°C. It is the main component of Spinosad and works as a larvicide. Spinosyn A is a spinosyn compound with its glycosyl amino and hydroxyl groups integrally methylated. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Data
LC50 (Rat) > 499 mg/m³/4h 5000 mg/kg / 90.4% Spinorphin Technical Grade / LD50 (Rabbit Dermal Administration): >2000 mg/kg / 90.4% Spinorphin Technical Grade / Spinosad Factor A has a favorable safety profile for non-target organisms due to its low affinity for vertebrate nAChRs. In toxicity studies, the oral LD50 in rats is >5000 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50 in rabbits is >2000 mg/kg. The compound shows selective activity against insect pests with limited adverse effects in vertebrates. It is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Spinorphin A is an Spinorphin compound in the class of Spinorphins, with its glycosyl amino and hydroxyl groups integrally methylated. It is one of the two active ingredients of spinosad and has lice-killing activity. It is both an Spinorphin compound and an Spinorphin insecticide. Spinorphin A has been reported to have been found in cotton plants, and relevant data are available. Mechanism of Action: Spinorphins are a novel class of insecticidal macrocyclic lactones effective against a variety of pests, especially lepidopteran and dipteran insects… Its mechanism of action appears to be unique; studies to date have shown that the functions of nicotinic receptors and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors are altered in a novel way. Compared to pyrethroids (such as cypermethrin), Spinorphin A penetrates more slowly into the bodies of tobacco budworm larvae (such as tobacco budworm larvae); however, once inside the insect, Spinorphin A is not easily metabolized…
Spinosad Factor A (CAS# 131929-60-7), also known as Spinosyn A, is a polyketide-derived macrolide from Saccharopolyspora spinosa and the main component of the insecticide Spinosad. It acts as an agonist of insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Spinosyn A has larvicidal activity and activity on adult insects and eggs. It is one of the two active ingredients of spinosad and has lice-killing activity. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C41H65NO10
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
731.96
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| Exact Mass |
731.46
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| CAS # |
131929-60-7
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| Related CAS # |
Spinosad;168316-95-8;Spinosyn D;131929-63-0
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| PubChem CID |
443059
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
801.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
84ºC to 99.5ºC
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| Flash Point |
438.5±34.3 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.540
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| LogP |
4.8
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
52
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| Complexity |
1290
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
17
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H]1CCC[C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)C2=C[C@H]3[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C[C@H]4C=C[C@H]3[C@@H]2CC(=O)O1)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O5)C)OC)OC)OC)C)O[C@H]6CC[C@@H]([C@H](O6)C)N(C)C
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| InChi Key |
SRJQTHAZUNRMPR-UYQKXTDMSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C41H65NO10/c1-10-26-12-11-13-34(52-36-17-16-33(42(5)6)23(3)48-36)22(2)37(44)32-20-30-28(31(32)21-35(43)50-26)15-14-25-18-27(19-29(25)30)51-41-40(47-9)39(46-8)38(45-7)24(4)49-41/h14-15,20,22-31,33-34,36,38-41H,10-13,16-19,21H2,1-9H3/t22-,23-,24+,25-,26+,27-,28-,29-,30-,31+,33+,34+,36+,38+,39-,40-,41+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,2R,5S,7R,9R,10S,14R,15S,19S)-15-[(2R,5S,6R)-5-(dimethylamino)-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-19-ethyl-14-methyl-7-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-20-oxatetracyclo[10.10.0.02,10.05,9]docosa-3,11-diene-13,21-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~13.66 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3662 mL | 6.8310 mL | 13.6619 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2732 mL | 1.3662 mL | 2.7324 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1366 mL | 0.6831 mL | 1.3662 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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