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Sorbitan monostearate is a non-ionic surfactant that functions as an emulsifier by reducing interfacial tension at oil-water boundaries. As a water-in-oil emulsifier, it helps stabilize dispersed phases while contributing to lamellar and gel-like microstructures. The compound's HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) value is 4.7, indicating its suitability for water-in-oil emulsion formulations. It is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food preparation.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Sorbitan monostearate is used as an emulsifier in various formulation systems. It supports interfacial adsorption at oil-water boundaries and functions as a water-in-oil emulsifier or co-emulsifier that helps stabilize dispersed phases while contributing to lamellar and gel-like microstructures. The compound is incorporated into creams and other topical formulations. Its gelation behavior in oils has been studied for topical and transdermal delivery applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Sorbitan monostearate is used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food preparation. It is used as an emulsifier in various topical and oral formulations. The compound is generally recognized as safe for use in food and cosmetic products. Its safety and efficacy have been evaluated in various applications. Its use in drug delivery systems has been investigated.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In cell-free biochemical assays, Sorbitan monostearate is characterized for its chemical properties and emulsifying efficiency. Its molecular weight (430.63 g/mol) and molecular formula (C24H46O6) are determined using analytical techniques. Its HLB value (4.7) is determined. Its solubility, melting point (49-65°C), and saponification number (147-157) are characterized. Its stability and compatibility with various oils and surfactants are evaluated.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for Sorbitan monostearate involve evaluating its effects on cell viability and function in various cell lines. As a surfactant, its potential cytotoxicity and effects on cell membranes are assessed. Its use in drug delivery systems is evaluated by assessing its ability to enhance drug absorption and permeation. Its effects on skin cells are studied for topical applications.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal models for Sorbitan monostearate include studies on its safety and efficacy in various applications. The compound has been evaluated in animal models for its use in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Its effects on skin irritation and sensitization have been assessed. Its pharmacokinetic properties and tissue distribution have been characterized.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
During digestion, both fatty acids and polyol sorbitol esters are absorbed, but the latter is completely excreted in urine. Pharmacokinetic data for Sorbitan monostearate show that the compound has a molecular weight of 430.63 g/mol with a molecular formula of C24H46O6. The CAS number is 1338-41-6. The compound appears as white flakes. It is insoluble in water, acetone, alcohol, and propylene glycol. It has a melting point of 49-65°C and an HLB of 4.7. Standard handling procedures for emulsifiers apply. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Non-Human Toxicity Values
Oral LD50 in rats: 31 g/kg The toxicity profile of Sorbitan monostearate indicates that it is generally recognized as safe for use in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. The compound is considered to have low toxicity. Standard safety precautions for handling surfactants apply. The compound is for research use only and not for human use except in approved applications. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Sorbitol monostearate is a fatty acid ester.
Therapeutic Uses This article describes the preparation and characterization of a novel anhydrous organic gel that can serve as a potential drug delivery carrier. The organic gel was prepared from a solution of two nonionic surfactants—sorbitol monostearate (Span 60) and polysorbate 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate; Tween 20)—in hexadecane at 60 °C, forming a white, semi-solid, thermally reversible gel upon cooling to room temperature. Adding up to 17% (v/v) of an aqueous phase (water or liposome suspension) to the oil phase at 60 °C generated oil-in-water and vesicle-containing oil-in-water systems, respectively. The study found that the release rate of hydrophilic solutes in these gels was lowest when a continuous oil phase dispersion of spherical water droplets was formed at high temperatures; in contrast, the solute release rate was faster when the fibrillary structure acted as a nearly continuous water channel through the organic medium, providing a pathway through the oil phase. Sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food preparation. It has an HLB of 4.7 and functions as a water-in-oil emulsifier. The compound has a molecular weight of 430.63 g/mol and formula C24H46O6. The CAS number is 1338-41-6. |
| Exact Mass |
430.329
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| CAS # |
1338-41-6
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| PubChem CID |
16218600
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| Appearance |
White to tan waxy solid
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
579.0±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
54-57 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
185.3±22.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.497
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| LogP |
7.13
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
20
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| Heavy Atom Count |
30
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| Complexity |
417
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H]([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](CO1)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C24H46O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-22(27)29-19-21(26)24-23(28)20(25)18-30-24/h20-21,23-26,28H,2-19H2,1H3/t20-,21+,23+,24+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] octadecanoate
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| Synonyms |
Sorgen 50 Liposorb S-20Liposorb SSorbitan monostearate Span 55 Emsorb 2505 Anhydrosorbitol monostearateSorbon S 60
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT03515590 | COMPLETED | Other: Emulsion with solid droplets Other: Emulsion with liquid droplets |
Postprandial Lipemia Satiety |
University of Guelph | 2018-07-02 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03990246 | COMPLETED | Other: Acid stable emulsion with solid droplets Other: Acid stable emulsion with liquid droplets Other: Acid unstable emulsion with solid droplets Other: Acid unstable emulsion with liquid droplets |
Healthy | University of Guelph | 2019-06-12 | Not Applicable |
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