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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Sorbitan monolaurate functions as a surfactant and emulsifier by reducing the surface tension between different phases (e.g., oil and water) to stabilize emulsions. It does not target a specific biological receptor but acts through its physicochemical properties. As a non‑ionic surfactant, it is used to prepare stable oil‑in‑water emulsions for drug delivery.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Sorbitan monolaurate is used to study the physicochemical properties and release kinetics of liposomes and other drug delivery systems. It is a detergent and emulsifier used in various formulations to stabilize emulsions and enhance the solubility of hydrophobic compounds, and its critical micelle concentration and interfacial activity can be measured.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Sorbitan monolaurate is used as a pharmaceutical excipient in various formulations, including topical and oral products. It is not a therapeutic agent and is not administered systemically for its pharmacological effects. Its role is to improve the stability and performance of the formulation, and it is generally well‑tolerated.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable for Sorbitan monolaurate, as it is a surfactant and excipient, not a compound that targets specific enzymes or receptors. Its activity is based on its physicochemical properties, such as its ability to reduce surface tension and form micelles, which can be assessed by tensiometry.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Sorbitan monolaurate typically involve assessing its cytotoxicity and irritation potential on cell lines (e.g., keratinocytes). As a surfactant, it can be irritating to cells at high concentrations. Its safety for use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products is evaluated using standard in vitro toxicity tests such as MTT or LDH release assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models are not typically used for Sorbitan monolaurate as a therapeutic agent, as it is an excipient. Its safety has been established through extensive use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It is not administered systemically for therapeutic purposes, but dermal or oral tolerance may be tested in standard safety studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Sorbitan monolaurate has a molecular formula of C18H34O6 and a molecular weight of 346.46 g/mol. Its IUPAC name is 2‑[(2R,3S,4R)‑3,4‑dihydroxyoxolan‑2‑yl]‑2‑hydroxyethyl dodecanoate. It is also known as Sorbitan laurate and Span 20. It is a viscous liquid or solid at room temperature and is soluble in organic solvents.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Sorbitan monolaurate is generally recognized as safe for use as a food additive and pharmaceutical excipient. It has low acute toxicity and is well‑tolerated. However, it can be a mild skin irritant. It is not intended for human therapeutic use as a drug and should be handled with standard laboratory precautions.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
See also: D-glucol, 1,4-dehydro-,6-dodecanoate (note moved to).
Sorbitan monolaurate is a non‑ionic surfactant and emulsifier used as a pharmaceutical excipient. It is also known as Span 20. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use as a drug. It is widely used in topical and oral formulations to stabilize emulsions. |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H34O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
346.46
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| Exact Mass |
346.235
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| CAS # |
1338-39-2
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| PubChem CID |
11046239
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow viscous liquid
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| Density |
1.1±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
516.1±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
176.9±22.2 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.504
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| LogP |
4.47
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
14
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| Heavy Atom Count |
24
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| Complexity |
336
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| SMILES |
O1C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C1([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])OC(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])=O)O[H])O[H])O[H]
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| InChi Key |
LWZFANDGMFTDAV-BURFUSLBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H34O6/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-16(21)23-13-15(20)18-17(22)14(19)12-24-18/h14-15,17-20,22H,2-13H2,1H3/t14-,15+,17+,18+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
[(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] dodecanoate
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| Synonyms |
Arlacel-20; Arlacel 20; Sorbitan monolaurate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8863 mL | 14.4317 mL | 28.8634 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5773 mL | 2.8863 mL | 5.7727 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2886 mL | 1.4432 mL | 2.8863 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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