| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Dopaminergic neurons (dopamine release) and monocytes/eosinophils (chemotaxis). Secretoneurin induces dopamine release in the rat striatum both in vivo and in vitro. It also exerts a very strong chemotactic effect on monocytes and eosinophils but not on granulocytes. The peptide acts as a potent chemoattractant and modulator of neurotransmission, influencing dopaminergic and serotonergic signaling. Its effects are mediated through interactions with specific receptors on target cells.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Secretoneurin induces dopamine release from rat striatal slices or synaptosomal preparations. The peptide stimulates dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner. It also exerts a very strong chemotactic effect on monocytes and eosinophils in cell migration assays. The chemotactic activity is selective for monocytes and eosinophils, with no effect on granulocytes. These in vitro activities have been characterized using primary cell cultures and isolated tissue preparations.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Secretoneurin induces dopamine release in the rat striatum. Administration of the peptide into the brain or peripheral administration leads to increased dopamine levels in the striatum. The peptide also exerts chemotactic effects on monocytes and eosinophils in vivo. Secretoneurin is involved in neuroendocrine-immune interactions, linking the nervous and immune systems through its dual effects on neurotransmission and immune cell migration.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro dopamine release assays using Secretoneurin are performed with rat striatal slices or synaptosomes. Striatal tissue is dissected and sliced or homogenized to prepare synaptosomes. Tissue preparations are incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer buffer containing varying concentrations of Secretoneurin (10 nM - 10 microM). Dopamine release into the buffer is measured by HPLC with electrochemical detection or by ELISA. Basal release and potassium-stimulated release are measured as controls.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro chemotaxis assays using Secretoneurin are performed with primary monocytes, eosinophils, or granulocytes isolated from blood. Chemotaxis is measured using Boyden chambers or transwell plates with 5-8 microm pore size membranes. Varying concentrations of Secretoneurin (1-100 nM) are placed in the lower chamber, and cells are placed in the upper chamber. After incubation for 1-3 hours at 37degC, migrated cells are counted by microscopy or flow cytometry. The chemotactic index is calculated as the ratio of migrated cells in the presence of peptide versus buffer control.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies with Secretoneurin are conducted in rats. For dopamine release studies, the peptide is administered via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection or local infusion into the striatum using microdialysis probes. Microdialysis is used to collect extracellular fluid from the striatum, and dopamine levels are measured by HPLC-ECD. For chemotaxis studies, the peptide is administered intraperitoneally or intravenously, and blood or tissue samples are collected to assess immune cell infiltration.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of Secretoneurin are characteristic of neuropeptides. With a molecular weight of 3651.95, the peptide is susceptible to proteolytic degradation and has a short half-life in biological fluids. It is typically administered by injection for in vivo studies due to poor oral bioavailability. The peptide is soluble in aqueous solutions and is typically stored as a lyophilized powder at -20degC. Standard pharmacokinetic parameters can be determined in preclinical species following appropriate routes of administration.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Secretoneurin are limited as the peptide is used for research purposes only and not for therapeutic applications. As a neuropeptide, it is generally well-tolerated at the concentrations used in research studies. Standard safety precautions for handling peptides apply. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human therapeutic use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Secretoneurin, rat is a research-grade 33-amino-acid neuropeptide generated from secretogranin II (SgII) proteolysis. Its sequence has a molecular formula of C159H252N40O58 and molecular weight of 3651.95. The peptide induces dopamine release in the rat striatum in vivo and in vitro. It exerts a very strong chemotactic effect on monocytes and eosinophils but not on granulocytes. Secretoneurin is involved in neuroendocrine-immune interactions and is used as a research tool to study neurotransmission and immune cell migration. Not approved for clinical use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C28H33NO7
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
495.564128637314
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| Exact Mass |
495.225
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| CAS # |
149146-12-3
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| PubChem CID |
171397200
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
667.3±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
357.4±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±2.1 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.643
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| LogP |
1.63
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
52
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
60
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
121
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| Heavy Atom Count |
257
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| Complexity |
8820
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
36
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| SMILES |
CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N4CCC[C@H]4C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N
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| InChi Key |
NFHSLVAIORBLFH-CNIJLDJUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C159H252N40O58/c1-20-77(14)125(194-139(236)94(45-54-121(224)225)177-143(240)103(65-114(166)213)186-152(249)122(167)79(16)203)156(253)193-124(76(12)13)154(251)179-93(44-53-120(222)223)134(231)173-90(41-50-117(216)217)133(230)172-88(38-47-110(162)209)135(232)184-101(63-84-33-35-85(207)36-34-84)146(243)197-128(82(19)206)158(255)199-57-27-32-108(199)151(248)178-89(39-48-111(163)210)137(234)189-104(68-200)147(244)183-97(59-72(4)5)140(237)170-78(15)129(226)195-127(81(18)205)157(254)187-98(60-73(6)7)141(238)176-92(43-52-119(220)221)138(235)190-106(70-202)149(246)192-123(75(10)11)155(252)188-100(62-83-28-22-21-23-29-83)142(239)175-87(37-46-109(161)208)132(229)174-91(42-51-118(218)219)136(233)181-96(58-71(2)3)130(227)168-66-115(214)171-86(30-24-25-55-160)131(228)182-99(61-74(8)9)145(242)196-126(80(17)204)153(250)169-67-116(215)198-56-26-31-107(198)150(247)191-105(69-201)148(245)185-102(64-113(165)212)144(241)180-95(159(256)257)40-49-112(164)211/h21-23,28-29,33-36,71-82,86-108,122-128,200-207H,20,24-27,30-32,37-70,160,167H2,1-19H3,(H2,161,208)(H2,162,209)(H2,163,210)(H2,164,211)(H2,165,212)(H2,166,213)(H,168,227)(H,169,250)(H,170,237)(H,171,214)(H,172,230)(H,173,231)(H,174,229)(H,175,239)(H,176,238)(H,177,240)(H,178,248)(H,179,251)(H,180,241)(H,181,233)(H,182,228)(H,183,244)(H,184,232)(H,185,245)(H,186,249)(H,187,254)(H,188,252)(H,189,234)(H,190,235)(H,191,247)(H,192,246)(H,193,253)(H,194,236)(H,195,226)(H,196,242)(H,197,243)(H,216,217)(H,218,219)(H,220,221)(H,222,223)(H,224,225)(H,256,257)/t77-,78-,79+,80+,81+,82+,86-,87-,88-,89-,90-,91-,92-,93-,94-,95-,96-,97-,98-,99-,100-,101-,102-,103-,104-,105-,106-,107-,108-,122-,123-,124-,125-,126-,127-,128-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-[2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~27.38 mM)
H2O : ~5 mg/mL (~1.37 mM) |
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0179 mL | 10.0896 mL | 20.1792 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4036 mL | 2.0179 mL | 4.0358 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2018 mL | 1.0090 mL | 2.0179 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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