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| 5mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Saponarin targets multiple signaling pathways. It inhibits ERK/p38, NF-κB, and MAPK phosphorylation and activates AMPK. By activating AMPK, it modulates gluconeogenesis and glucose uptake in a calcium-dependent manner. Saponarin also reduces IL-1β and COX-2 expression. These multiple targets contribute to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Saponarin prevents UV- or Fenton's reagent-induced lipid peroxidation in cell-free assays. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. It inhibits ERK/p38, NF-κB, and MAPK phosphorylation and activates AMPK. It reduces IL-1β and COX-2 expression. These activities demonstrate its potential for protecting cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. Specific IC50 values are not detailed in the provided search results.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Saponarin shows hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity against CCl4-induced liver damage. It is an orally active flavonoid compound. Its ability to activate AMPK and modulate glucose metabolism suggests potential applications in metabolic diseases. Its anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial in various inflammatory conditions. Further studies are needed to fully characterize its in vivo efficacy and safety.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro antioxidant activity of Saponarin is assessed using cell-free lipid peroxidation assays. The compound is incubated with a lipid substrate and an oxidant (e.g., UV light or Fenton's reagent), and the extent of lipid peroxidation is measured. For anti-inflammatory activity, macrophages are stimulated with LPS and treated with Saponarin, and cytokine production is measured by ELISA. The phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and NF-κB is analyzed by Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular assays, macrophages (e.g., RAW 264.7) or hepatocytes are cultured in appropriate media. Cells are treated with various concentrations of Saponarin (typically 1-100 µM) for defined periods. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α) is measured by ELISA. The phosphorylation of ERK, p38, NF-κB, and AMPK is analyzed by Western blotting. Cell viability is assessed using MTT or CellTiter-Glo assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo, Saponarin is typically administered orally to animal models. In hepatoprotection studies, the compound is administered before or after the induction of liver damage (e.g., by CCl4). Liver function is assessed by measuring serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Liver histology is examined for signs of damage. In metabolic studies, the compound is administered to diabetic models, and blood glucose and insulin levels are measured.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Saponarin has a molecular weight of 594.53 g/mol and a molecular formula of C27H30O15. It is a flavonoid glycoside. It has a melting point of 228°C (dec.) and a density of 1.723±0.06 g/cm³. The compound is an orally active flavonoid. Specific storage conditions and pharmacokinetic parameters are not detailed in the provided search results.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for Saponarin is not available in the provided search results. As a natural flavonoid, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. The compound is intended for research purposes only and is not approved for human or veterinary use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound. Comprehensive toxicological studies are required to establish its full safety profile.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
7-O-(β-D-glucosyl)isopurin is a C-glycoside compound in which the 7-hydroxyl hydrogen in isopurin is replaced by a β-D-glucose residue. It is a metabolite. It is a C-glycoside compound, a dihydroxyflavone, a glycosyloxyflavone, and a monosaccharide derivative. Its function is related to that of isopurin. Saponins have been reported to be found in barley (Hordeum vulgare), passion fruit (Passiflora ambigua), and other organisms with relevant data.
Saponarin is a flavonoid glycoside widely distributed in various plant species. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties. Saponarin inhibits ERK/p38, NF-κB, and MAPK phosphorylation and activates AMPK. It is an orally active flavonoid compound. Saponarin is a valuable research tool for studying inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism. The compound is not approved for clinical use and is intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H30O15
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
594.5181
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| Exact Mass |
594.158
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| CAS # |
20310-89-8
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| PubChem CID |
441381
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.723 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
919.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
228ºC (dec.)
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| Flash Point |
305.4ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.728
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| LogP |
-1.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
42
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| Complexity |
971
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
HGUVPEBGCAVWID-KETMJRJWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H30O15/c28-7-15-19(32)22(35)24(37)26(40-15)18-14(41-27-25(38)23(36)20(33)16(8-29)42-27)6-13-17(21(18)34)11(31)5-12(39-13)9-1-3-10(30)4-2-9/h1-6,15-16,19-20,22-30,32-38H,7-8H2/t15-,16-,19-,20-,22+,23+,24-,25-,26+,27-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-7-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~168.20 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6820 mL | 8.4101 mL | 16.8203 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3364 mL | 1.6820 mL | 3.3641 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1682 mL | 0.8410 mL | 1.6820 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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