| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Not applicable - this compound is primarily used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient rather than as a drug with specific biological targets.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies on santalol are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient rather than as a pharmacological agent with specific biological targets. As a sesquiterpene alcohol, santalol has been studied for its potential antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities, though these studies are typically conducted on sandalwood oil or its individual components. α-Santalol, one of the isomers, has been reported to have chemopreventive and anticancer activities in some studies, though these effects are not well characterized for the mixture. The compound's biological activities are generally attributed to its ability to interact with cellular membranes and modulate signaling pathways.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on santalol are limited, as the compound is primarily used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient. The compound is generally recognized as safe for use in food and cosmetic applications at appropriate concentrations. Some studies have investigated the potential of α-santalol and sandalwood oil for chemopreventive and anticancer effects in animal models, though these studies are typically conducted on purified α-santalol or sandalwood oil rather than the santalol mixture. The compound is not typically studied as a therapeutic agent, and its primary applications are in the flavor and fragrance industries.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For analytical chemistry applications, santalol is analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine its composition and purity. The two isomers, α-santalol and β-santalol, are separated and quantified based on their retention times and mass spectra. For biological activity studies, in vitro assays such as antimicrobial susceptibility testing (MIC determination) or anti-inflammatory assays (cytokine production inhibition) may be performed using santalol or sandalwood oil. However, these are not standard applications for the compound, which is primarily used as a flavoring and fragrance ingredient.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for santalol are not commonly performed, as the compound is primarily used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient rather than as a pharmacological agent. In studies investigating the biological activities of sandalwood oil or its components, cell lines may be treated with santalol or α-santalol to assess effects on cell viability, proliferation, or inflammation. However, these studies are typically conducted on purified α-santalol or on sandalwood oil rather than on the santalol mixture. Cytotoxicity against mammalian cells may be assessed if the compound is being evaluated for potential therapeutic applications, though this is not a primary application.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo studies on santalol are not commonly performed for pharmacological evaluation, as the compound is primarily used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient. The compound is generally recognized as safe for use in food and cosmetic applications at appropriate concentrations, and its safety has been established through long-term use in these industries. Some studies have investigated the potential of α-santalol and sandalwood oil for chemopreventive effects in animal models of skin cancer, but these studies are typically conducted on purified α-santalol or sandalwood oil rather than on the santalol mixture.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of santalol have been studied in the context of its use as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient. As a lipophilic sesquiterpene alcohol, santalol is readily absorbed through the skin and gastrointestinal tract. Following absorption, it is metabolized through oxidation and conjugation pathways, with excretion primarily via renal and hepatic routes. The compound's high lipophilicity influences its tissue distribution and ability to cross biological membranes. Its volatile nature also contributes to its rapid elimination through respiratory routes. Detailed pharmacokinetic data are limited, as the compound is not typically studied for pharmaceutical applications.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological evaluation of santalol indicates that it is generally recognized as safe for use as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient at appropriate concentrations. The compound has been used for many years in food and cosmetic products with a well-established safety profile. Standard toxicology assessments include acute and repeated-dose toxicity studies, skin irritation and sensitization tests, and evaluation of effects on liver and kidney function. The compound is considered non-toxic at typical exposure levels, though high concentrations may cause skin irritation in some individuals. Its safety profile supports its use in food and cosmetic applications.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
See also: Santalor (notes moved to).
Santalol is a mixture of the sesquiterpene alcohols α-santalol and β-santalol, which are the primary constituents of sandalwood oil. The compound is widely used as a flavoring agent and fragrance ingredient in the food and cosmetic industries due to its characteristic sandalwood odor. It is not a drug and is not intended for therapeutic use, though some studies have investigated the potential biological activities of its individual components. Santalol is generally recognized as safe for use in food and cosmetic products, and its primary applications are in flavor and fragrance formulations. The compound is used as an analytical standard for the quantification of sandalwood oil components and as a reference material in fragrance research. |
| Molecular Formula |
C15H24O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
220.3505
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| Exact Mass |
220.182
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| CAS # |
11031-45-1
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| PubChem CID |
5368798
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
312.0±11.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
116.3±15.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.5 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.515
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| LogP |
4.87
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
16
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| Complexity |
315
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C([H])([H])/C(/C([H])([H])[H])=C(\[H])/C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]1(C([H])([H])[H])C(=C([H])[H])C2([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])C2([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
OJYKYCDSGQGTRJ-VZUCSPMQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-11(10-16)5-4-8-15(3)12(2)13-6-7-14(15)9-13/h5,13-14,16H,2,4,6-10H2,1,3H3/b11-5+
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| Chemical Name |
(E)-2-methyl-5-(2-methyl-3-methylidene-2-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl)pent-2-en-1-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). This product is not stable in solution, please use freshly prepared working solution for optimal results. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.5382 mL | 22.6912 mL | 45.3823 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9076 mL | 4.5382 mL | 9.0765 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4538 mL | 2.2691 mL | 4.5382 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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